On the Geographical Distribution of Fishes. 251 
in their relative size and position. The labiwm, however, 
though similar in form, is distinctly broader than the fore 
extremity of the sternum (fig. 2,4); while in L. desultor 
is represented in figure 5 of Schisdte’s plate as narrower. 
A single example of the adult female in the British Museum. 
Hab. “Penang. 
Naturalists and collectors in Penang should endeavour to 
find other examples of this genus, of which all our knowledge 
at present is based upon the two specimens mentioned above. 
Besides the interest attaching to the presence or absence of 
spinners, they are the only spiders, as yet discovered, whose 
abdomen is protected by articulated corneous transverse plates, 
similar to those found in the orders Scorpionidea and Thely- 
phonidea. 
XX XII.—On the Geographical Distribution of Fishes. 
By TuHropore Giix, M.D., Ph.D.* 
Axsout 9000 species of living teleosteous fishes are now 
known, variously distributed and found in greater or less 
numbers in almost all the waters of the globe, fresh and salt ; 
the greatest numbers of species, however, are found in the 
tropical waters, and especially in the seas of the Indo-Molucean 
archipelago. The distribution of the types, especially of the 
marine species, to a considerable degree coincides with ther- 
mometrical conditions. In the polar and northern temperate 
regions, for example, are found representatives of the families 
of Gadoids or codfishes, Lycodoids, Stichzeoids, Liparidoids, 
Cottoids or sculpins, and others less known. In the tropical 
regions many forms are distributed throughout the entire zone 
(and therefore designated as tropicopolitan), this being espe- 
cially the case with many genera of Labroids, Scaroids or 
parrot-fishes, Pomacentroids, Gerreoids, Serranoids or eroupers, 
Sparoids, Carangoids, and others—numerous species of these 
families being found in torrid waters, while very few extend 
far northward or southward. In the antarctic regions, again, 
we have another combination of forms: typical codfishes and 
the other types characteristic of high northern latitudes are 
wanting, but are severally replaced by peculiar groups, which 
seem to fill an analogous place in the economy of nature, 
having a superficial resemblance in general aspect, although 
they are not at all (comparatively speaking) related in structure. 
* Reprinted, with additions by the Author, from advance sheets of 
‘ Johnson’s New Universal Cyclopeedia.’ 
