Remarks by My. W1. J. Carter. 383 
prominences or swellings, which again (as in fig. 10) are so 
developed as to form a double set of four arms, one set capping 
the other. The Liverpool-Museum specimen bears the usual 
Polype; the Inosima example, in which the glass rope is 
short, has no Polype on it. 
The existence of the lar ee stout acerate spicules in the sur- 
face-structure of Hyalonema cebuense is a noticeable feature ; 
similar spicules quite as large are found in the J: apanese 
Hyalonemas—not on the surface, however, but, together with 
other acerate spicules, forming the fibrous lines of the general 
internal structure, being probably most numerous round the 
fixed part of the stem. 
It is interesting to notice the relationships which seem to 
exist between the various kinds of Hexactinellid sponges, as 
shown in the peculiar forms of spicules differently developed 
in some, appearing in greater or less quantities in other species, 
and occupying different positions in the general structure of 
the different sponges, but which would perhaps occupy too much 
space to describe in detail here. All such observations, how- 
ever, lead to the conclusion that the peculiar features of the 
various anchoring appendages, adopted by Mr. H. J. Carter 
as the means of distinguishing genera, are the most remark- 
able and most easily noticeable for this purpose. 
Remarks by Mr. CARTER. 
In bringing to notice Hyalonema cebuense, Mr. Higgin has 
described and illustrated a sponge which, if not sufficiently 
different from Hyalonema Steboldit, Gray, to constitute a new 
species, is at least deserving of the separate designation which 
has been given to it. 
Here we have, in the first place, a full-grown Hyalonema 
with an entire absence of the parasitic Polype which usually 
corticates the upper part of the cord! 
We have also obtained through it the free termination of 
the anchoring-spicule of which the cord is composed in the 
Hyalonemata, which was previously unknown ; and moreover 
Mr. Higgin has shown that in both Hyalonema Steboldii and 
H. cebuense the principle of formation is the same, viz. a mitre- 
shaped inflation with four spines or arms recurved and oppo- 
site: also in Mr. Hardman’s specimen, to which Mr. Higgin 
has alluded, it is stated to be four -armed opposite, the same 
‘as in H. cebuense ;” while the Polype, too, is absent from the 
cord of this specimen. But it so happens that the specimen 
which Mr. Higgin kindly sent me of an anchoring-spicule 
from this cord had eight arms or spines each opposite each 
