﻿478 
  Mr. 
  S. 
  B. 
  J. 
  Skertclily 
  on 
  Butterflies' 
  Enemies. 
  

  

  and 
  after 
  thirty 
  years' 
  observation 
  of 
  insects 
  and 
  birds 
  in 
  

   Europe, 
  Asia, 
  Africa, 
  and 
  America 
  I 
  can 
  confidently 
  assert 
  

   that 
  I 
  have 
  never 
  yet 
  seen 
  a 
  bird 
  take 
  a 
  butterfly. 
  Once 
  I 
  

   saw 
  a 
  black-headed 
  bunting 
  in 
  Wicken 
  Fen 
  snap 
  up 
  a 
  Calli- 
  

   moiyha 
  dominula 
  (a 
  moth) 
  and 
  immediately 
  drop 
  it, 
  and 
  on 
  

   mentioning 
  the 
  case 
  to 
  Wallace 
  he 
  was 
  struck 
  with 
  its 
  rarity 
  

   and 
  asked 
  me 
  to 
  record 
  it. 
  The 
  other 
  day 
  I 
  saw 
  a 
  small 
  

   Trogon 
  dart 
  at 
  a 
  Terias 
  unsuccessfully 
  ; 
  but 
  these 
  are 
  the 
  

   only 
  approaches 
  to 
  the 
  capture 
  of 
  butterflies 
  that 
  have 
  ever 
  

   come 
  under 
  my 
  notice. 
  

  

  I 
  venture 
  to 
  think 
  there 
  is 
  an 
  explanation 
  of 
  this 
  curious 
  

   apparent 
  anomaly. 
  

  

  III. 
  Protective 
  Resemblance 
  and 
  Mimicry. 
  

  

  Wallace 
  first 
  saw 
  that 
  there 
  were 
  two 
  distinct 
  though 
  allied 
  

   classes 
  of 
  phenomena 
  often 
  even 
  now 
  confounded 
  together. 
  

   These 
  he 
  termed 
  protective 
  resemblance 
  and 
  mimicry. 
  Under 
  

   the 
  former 
  head 
  he 
  classes 
  such 
  cases 
  as 
  leaf-insects, 
  leaf- 
  

   butterflies, 
  sand-coloured 
  desert-insects 
  and 
  birds, 
  the 
  tiger's 
  

   stripes, 
  the 
  leopard's 
  spots, 
  and 
  the 
  thousand 
  other 
  cases 
  in 
  

   which 
  concealment 
  is 
  effected 
  by 
  assimilating 
  the 
  colouring 
  

   to 
  the 
  environment. 
  Under 
  the 
  latter 
  he 
  groups 
  all 
  the 
  cases 
  

   in 
  which 
  one 
  insect 
  mimics 
  another. 
  

  

  This 
  distinction, 
  though 
  often 
  lost 
  sight 
  of, 
  has 
  perhaps 
  a 
  

   deeper 
  meaning 
  than 
  was 
  foreseen, 
  as 
  will 
  presently 
  be 
  shown. 
  

  

  I 
  wish 
  for 
  my 
  argument 
  to 
  emphasize 
  this 
  great 
  distinction 
  

   and 
  to 
  remind 
  the 
  reader 
  that 
  protective 
  resemblance 
  copies 
  

   stationary 
  objects, 
  mimicry 
  simulates 
  moving 
  ones. 
  

  

  IV. 
  New 
  Reasons 
  in 
  favour 
  of 
  the 
  Theory 
  of 
  Protection. 
  

  

  Apart 
  from 
  the 
  indisputable 
  fact 
  that 
  butterflies 
  do 
  mimic 
  

   other 
  insects, 
  leaves, 
  the 
  bark 
  of 
  trees, 
  the 
  ground, 
  and 
  what 
  

   not, 
  there 
  are 
  one 
  or 
  two 
  facts 
  that 
  I 
  may 
  add 
  to 
  the 
  great 
  

   stock 
  of 
  speculative 
  evolution. 
  

  

  One 
  is 
  the 
  great 
  shyness 
  of 
  butterflies. 
  The 
  least 
  move- 
  

   ment 
  startles 
  them 
  : 
  some 
  fly 
  right 
  away, 
  others 
  (especially 
  

   forest 
  species) 
  rapidly 
  conceal 
  themselves. 
  Is 
  it 
  not 
  reason- 
  

   able 
  to 
  suppose 
  they 
  show 
  fear 
  because 
  they 
  are 
  afraid 
  of 
  

   something 
  f 
  The 
  shyness 
  of 
  other 
  animals 
  is 
  due 
  to 
  fear, 
  and 
  

   why 
  not 
  that 
  of 
  butterflies 
  ? 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  fear, 
  too, 
  of 
  something 
  

   that 
  moves, 
  for 
  they 
  will 
  come 
  all 
  round 
  and 
  even 
  settle 
  on 
  

   you 
  if 
  you 
  are 
  quite 
  still, 
  as 
  I 
  have 
  experienced 
  with 
  several 
  

   species 
  of 
  " 
  Blues," 
  with 
  Papilio 
  sarpedon 
  and 
  its 
  allies, 
  and 
  

   even 
  with 
  the 
  swift-flying 
  Curetis. 
  It 
  is 
  not 
  a 
  fear 
  of 
  being 
  

  

  