256 Prof. Nilsson on the extinct and existing 
radical leaves are 4 inches in length, 2 inches broad, upon a pe- 
tiole 13 to 2 inches: the cauline leaves are 1} inch long, 1 meh 
broad, on a petiole of 3 lines; the peduncles are 13 inch, the 
calyx 8 lines long, swollen in the middle, 4 lines in diameter, and 
10-nerved : the corolla is nearly 2 inches long, 1¢ mch diameter 
across the mouth, which is obsoletely 5-lobed. In all the other 
species of Nolana mentioned in the work above referred to, the 
calyx is described as being deeply 5-cleft, with the divisions 
sagittate or cordate at the base, as in our well-known garden 
species Sorema prostrata ; but in the plant under consideration 
the calyx is said to be distinctly ventricose and striated, which 
agrees with the character of Cacabus. 
XXIX.—On the extinct and existing Bovine Animals of 
Scandinavia. By Prof. Niusson of Lund*. 
Of the Ox kind (Bos, Linn.). 
Head oblong with broad muzzle+ in which the nostrils project 
forward, open; no lachrymal fosse ; the ears pretty long, oval. 
Horns for the most part round, near the roots annular according 
to their growth}, otherwise smooth ; with roots pomting out- 
wards and curved in different directions, according to the 
various races. 
Body heavily built ; los angular, not round ; stout, short, not 
high-boned, and broad. The female is provided with four 
teats. 
Tail long, pendent ; at the end it is furnished with a tuft of long 
hairs. 
Teeth, the grinders with the internal and external borders parallel. 
Skull: no opening between the facial bones above or in front of 
the orbits over the eyes, as in the Deer tribe. The lachrymal 
bones flatter, not hollowed out. The spinal process of the 
anterior vertebre particularly strongly developed, to serve as 
attachment for the strong neck-muscles ,and lgamentum 
nuchze which support the heavy head. 
The animals belonging to this class, with few exceptions, are 
the largest and strongest built of rumimating horned cattle. In 
a wild state they always live in herds under the guidance of some 
strong pugnacious bulls ; wandering from one track to another ; 
at one time seeking the forests, at another the plains ; at another, 
mountains and table lands; and at other times low and marshy 
places. They seek grassy spots, for their chief food consists 
* Translated from his ‘Skandin’s Daggdjur.’ 8vo,71848, pp. 536-574 
+ The naked part where the nose ends is so called; it comprises the up- 
per lip and that portion between the nostrils. 
+ Whence the age of the animal is determined. 
