Bovine Animals of Scandinavia. 259 
roots of the horns, but lower down more or less hollowed out. 
Fig. 2. 
The nasal bone 
reaching up to the 
line drawn between 
the lower borders 
of the orbits; the 
lower part of the 
lachrymal bones a 
httle broader than 
the upper; the di- 
stance between the 
orbits and the bases 
of the horns is 
double the diameter 
of the orbit ; the oc- 
cipital ridge straight 
or rounded off back- 
ward from the base of 
one horn tothe other, 
and hollowed out be- Bos primigenius. 
low so that it forms an acute angle ; foramen occipitale somewhat 
higher than broad; the horn-cores without pedicles, but with a 
broad knotty ring round the root, are near the root directed out- 
wards and somewhat backwards, in the centre curved forwards with 
the points upwards*. The outer edge of the zygomatic process of 
the temporal bone forms a right angle. A mght le drawn be- 
tween the poimts of the horns falls over the roots of the horn, 
between them and the orbits. At/as: its wings curved backwards, 
oblique, much broader at the back, 10 inches 3 lines in breadth, 
the upper arch convex, the lower with a compressed hump over 
the hinder edge. LEpistropheus short, the processus spinosus a 
high rising ridge, inclining backwards, whose outer edge is thin, 
the anterior angle rounded: along the under side of the vertebra 
is a ridge which passes backwards over the edge of the cup-formed 
articular surface ; feramen medulle spinalis, i front round, back 
above cylindrical, below flat. The arterial foramen oval. 
The remaining bones in the skeleton resemble those of the 
tame ox, with the exception of their magnitude, and hke this 
species, the Urox has thirteen pairs of rib-bones and six lumbar 
vertebre. As it would be far too diffuse to describe every single 
bone, I will only give the dimensions of those which are dissi- 
* Precisely such a direction have the horns of our tame oxen, quite 
contrary to the assertion of Bojanus and many others, who, in the unlike 
direction of the horns, choose to find a specific difference between the 
Urus and the Taurus. 
