260 Prof. Nilsson on the extinct and existing 
milar in the skeletons. The whole length * of the skeleton from 
the nape to the end of the rump bones. (ossa ischit) 9 feet. 
The length of the head from the anterior border of ft. in. lin. 
the ossa intermaxill. to the occipital ridge...... Pee Gs) Gs 
Thus the whole length of the animal about ...... 113 to 12 
The height over the mane about............. Sees sae mtn Ox 
The other dimensions. 
The length from the horn-cores to the intermax- 
illary bomre’s anterior die: ......cccrssccscnvsusses Nay aaa 
The length from the orbit’ alae edge to ditto... Le PFS hae 
3 is horn base to the OUbitSseeee. OF 16m 
53 53 horn-core’s concave side ... a GS 
. horn-core’s convex side ... DW Dean 
The under j jaw from the angle to the point ...... es eal) 
The molar series in the upper jaW............eeeees Oe 
Breadth of the forehead between the upper part of 
the crown of the horn......... Sechanceaeeedabiesscee 0%. Digeagh 
Breadth of the forehead between the lower Bate 
Ol dItton.see. eimaisrolsels Bootes cbc danssssancegrboceacso: ta, Oe ee 
Breadth of the forehead between the orbit’ s upper 
PaLbi tess .crelen PAIN elke he occcke natlne Sevaeeneet ate Pa OA RD 
Breadth of the forehead hetween the orbit’s lower 
THEPES dagadacc0gg dao jaugeqoneqse: Jogdopadneoacass00C Ocala) a: 
Breadth between the intermaxillary bone’s upper 
BAR bo bnaanpabocagsndoada Seieieialsiaiste aiseie elastin cies eoiaists OL. one 
Breadth between the apertures of the ear in a line ] Oo 4 
Distance between the points of the horn-cores ... 2. Veee V0 
The circumference of the crown of the horn...... Liven 
* I have at hand, in the Museum here, a complete and an incomplete 
skeleton of this species; besides from ten to twelve skulls both of younger 
and older; also many different loose bones from various parts of the body. 
When I wrote the first edition of this work twenty-seven years ago, I had 
seen skulls only of this colossal species; I came however to the conclusion, 
upon comparing them with the skulls of tame oxen, that the animal must 
have been about 113 feet long and 6 feet high, which comes the nearest 
to the proportion, But I insert here the whole note :— 
“From these measurements (of the skull of an Urox) an idea may be 
formed of the magnitude of the Urox, which certainly far surpassed that of 
all existing European animals. To judge from the proportions of the parts 
to a tame bull, the head of the Urox shows that it must have been an animal 
that from the nape to the root of the tail measured nearly 113 feet, and in 
height over the mane about 6 feet. In the Museum of the Royal Academy 
are fragments of the cranium of the Urox, which must have belonged to an 
animal more than 12 feet in length and 63 feethigh. On one, the distance 
between the base of the horns above is 94 inches, below 183 inches, the thick- 
ness at the root 15 inches. The largest Scanian ox I have seen, and which 
was of an unusually large size, measured in length from the nape to the root 
of the tail 8 feet, and was 5 feet high over the mane. When we now con- 
sider that bulls and cows never reach the size that castrated oxen do, and 
that we ought to compare the bull or the cow with the wild ox kind, we shall 
then easily perceive that this last-mentioned was much larger than the tame 
ox, and perhaps he was even somewhat bigger in the southern regions, for 
example in Germany, than here in Sweden. 
“ Czesar’s account that the Urus was magnitudine paulo infra Elephantos, 
was not so exaggerated as one has imagined,” 
