Bovine Animals of Scandinavia. 267 
Scania, which evidently belongs to that period when the inhabit- 
ants there used bronze for their weapons. This war-horn in form 
and curvature wholly resembles the horn-core upon the cranium 
of an Urox, and has the same long, thin, upturned points, like 
the ox in Hamilton Smith’s drawing. It is more than probable 
that the inhabitants of the south of Sweden first used the horn 
of the Urox for their war-horns, and at a later period made them- 
selves horns of bronze in the same form as the former. To this may 
be added, that Baron Sigesm. Herberstain relates in his ‘ Rerum 
Moscoviticarum Commentar.’ of the year 1549, p. 33, that in his 
time, about the latter half of the sixteenth century, there was 
found in Massovia a species differing from the wild Lithuanian 
Zubr, which in its native land was called Thur. They were not 
found there in any large number, but were kept in some parks, 
and there were certain burthens laid on the towns to preserve 
and maintain them. In the same manner the Bison (Pol. Zubr) 
is now kept in a large forest at Bialowieza in Lithuania, by 
command of the Emperor of Russia* ; and, in like manner, a race 
of wild oxen is still preserved in Scotland in some woody parks + 
(Compare Bell, Brit. Quadr. p. 422): a stuffed specimen of one 
of these animals is preserved in the British Museum f. 
Again, the above-mentioned painting, which Hamilton Smith 
copied, shows that the Urus was without mane, and had pretty 
smooth hair over the whole body, with the exception of the flat- 
(not convex) formed forehead, where it was longer and curly ; 
the head was large, the neck thick, the dewlap small, the back 
straight, and tail long, so that it reached to the middle of the 
tarsi. The colour was entirely sooty black, the chin alone was 
white ; the horns, which were straight-out, forward, and upward, 
were whitish with long black points §. 
* See the Note of M. Dimitri de Dolmatoff in vol. ili. of the New Series 
of the ‘ Annals,’ p. 148; and Prof. Owen’s notes on the Anatomy of the 
Bison at p. 288 of the present Number.—Ep. Ann. Nat. Hist. 
+ Notices relative to the wild oxen of Britain will be found in the earlier 
volumes of the ¢ Annals:’ see vol. ii. p. 274, and vol. ill. pp. 241 and 556. 
—Ep. Ann. Nat. Hist. 
t It has been said that this ‘‘ White Scotch Bull”’ was the last remnant 
of the Urus in its half-wild state ; but such is certainly not the case. Our 
large Holstein cattle come much nearer to the Urus, both as to the form of 
head and the size and direction of the horns. In the Scotch, the horns are 
curved upward, almost only in one direction ; the hair on the head and neck is 
longer and curlier; the forehead is, however, smooth ; the colour white, the 
ears a reddish brown, the head and neck with a gray-brown shade. There 
is no race of wild oxen of this colour. It is a pity that no cranium has yet 
been preserved of it; at least not one is to be met with in the Museums in 
London. 
§ Hamilton Smith adds in a note, that this painting agrees with a figure 
which is found in the ‘Stone of Clunia’ with a Celtiberian inscription, and 
which represents a huntsman and a wild ox. 
18* 
