Zoological Society. 291 
A thick epithelium lines the whole of the three cavities above-de- 
scribed, as in other Ruminants. The lining membrane of the fourth 
or true digesting cavity was rather more vascular than usual: the 
almost smooth mucous membrane is produced into subparallel oblique 
folds 14 inch in breadth at its cardiac half: these subside towards 
the pyloric half, where the chief object is the valvular protuberance 
which overhangs the aperture leading into the duodenum. The 
duodenum bends backwards and turns down abruptly before gaining 
the left lumbar region ; then bends upwards and towards the left side, 
where it becomes free and carries out a complete investment from 
the mesentery : in the previous part of its course it is closely attached 
to the adjoining intestines. The principal mass of the small intes- 
tines lies dorsal and sacral of the enormous stomach, disposed in 
short coils upon the mesentery ; they measured 132 feet in length. 
The ilium terminates in the cecum in the right lumbar region. 
The cecum is a simple, cylindrical, non-sacculated gut, about twice 
the diameter of the ilium ; it is bent upon the beginning of the colon, 
to which it is attached. 
The colon describes an arch at its commencement, ascending from 
the right side, and curving over to the left behind the paunch, then 
winding to the right again, and describing the series of subspiral 
folds characteristic of this gut in the Ruminants. The rectum de- 
scends nearly along the bodies of the lumbar and sacral vertebrz to 
the anus. The total length of the large intestines was twenty-one 
feet. The liver was proportionally small, and consisted chiefly of 
one lobe, as in other Ruminants ; not extending into the left epigas- 
trium. There is a small lobulus Spigelit on the right and posterior 
border. 
The gall-bladder, large and full, protruded from a fissure in the 
right side of the liver: its duct receives four or five tributary ducts 
before it unites with the proper hepatic duct, which brings the bile 
from the left part of the liver. The ductus communis choledochus 
enters the duodenum where it forms its first bend. 
The pancreas lies below the liver, with its larger end across the 
last dorsal vertebra, and its narrower prolongation accompanying the 
duodenum ; the duct terminates in that intestine about eight inches 
beyond the biliary inlet. The kidneys consisted each of about twenty 
distinct lobes or renules. ‘The more compact suprarenal bodies also 
miunifested a subdivided outer surface. 
The above portions of the notes of the dissection of the male Au- 
rochs include all that appeared to be in any degree characteristic 
of the species, or affording any discriminative characters, as com- 
pared with its nearest congeners. The thoracic viscera, as far as 
their morbid condition permitted the comparison, were like those of 
the common Ox. I do not remember to have been so much im- 
pressed in former dissections of Ruminants with the beautiful adap- 
tation of the parts exterior to the large and cumplex stomach, to its 
support and the facilitating its movements. Much of what is ordi- 
nary inelastic aponeurotic tissue in the abdominal parietes of many 
