Bovine Animals of Scandinavia. 351 
state as plainly shows they belonged to a more ancient period 
than that in which tame cattle existed in this country. 
Abode.—This species has lived in Scania contemporaneously 
with the Bos primigenius and Bison europeus; that it has also 
often been found in England, the above-mentioned cranium will 
show, which is preserved in the British Museum. As with us, 
it belongs to the country’s oldest postpliocene fauna: it, like 
the before-mentioned Ox species, together with the Reindeer, 
Wild-boar and others, came from Germany during that period 
when the two countries were joined together. It must, there- 
fore, also be found in a fossil state in Germany, although as yet 
it has nowhere been observed. If it ever was tamed, and thereby 
in the course of time contributed to form some of the tame 
races of cattle, it must have been the lesser large-growth, small- 
horned, and often hornless race, which is to be found in the 
mountains of Norway, and which has a high protuberance 
between the setting-on of the horns above the nape. 
3. Dwarf Ox (Bos longifrons, Owen), figs. 6 & 7. 
bist 6. 
Bos longifrons. 
Gen. Char. The forehead flattened, with a prominent edge stand- 
ing up along the middle, and a smaller mdenting backward ; 
the horns round, small, and directed outwardly upwards, and 
bent in one direction forwards. 
Syn. Bos longifrons, Owen’s History of British Fossil Mammals and Birds, 
p- 508, fig. 211 (the forehead with horn-cores). 
are intermediate gradations in the convex rising of the occipital ridge and 
the length of the pedicles of the horns, which affect the value of those cha- 
racters as specific distinctions between the Bos longifrons and Bos frontosus. 
The specimen (fig. 5) would seem to indicate that the typical characters as- 
signed by the learned Scandinavian naturalist to his Bos frontosus were simi- 
larly modified or departed from in the specimens discovered in Scania.—Ep. 
