416 Prof. Nilsson on the extinct and existing 
respects unlike not only all the foregoing, but also our tame 
cattle. The fore-part of the body was very thick and broad, 
with a high hump over the shoulders, from which the back went 
strongly sloping downwards ; the hinder part was on the con- 
trary quite slender and thin, so that the same proportions were 
far from prevailing between the fore and hind parts of the body, 
as in the tame ox. The legs above the knees were thick and 
strong, but on the contrary under the knees slender and lean. 
On the front of the head and under the neck was long close 
curly hair, which along the back of the neck formed a mane, and 
under the under-jaw a long beard. All the rest of the hairy 
covering was shorter. The head, which was carried low, was 
shorter and broader than that of our common oxen; the muzzle 
was less broad, and the nos- Fig. 9. 
trils were more open at the _ 
sides ; the forehead between 
the horns about 11 inches 
broad and convex ; the horns 
small, about 12 inches long ; 
near the roots 12 inches in 
circumference, their direction 
outward and __ backward, 
thence crescent - shaped, 
curved forward in one and 
the same direction, yet some- 
times the pomts were turned 
upward; in colour they are Bos Bison. 
black, somewhat white-speckled. The colour of the animal dark 
brown or sooty brown. 
Remarks.—When one sees an ox of this species, of which well- 
stuffed specimens are now to be found in most museums, it is 
impossible to admit that Caesar could mean this animal by 
his Urus, which he describes, specie et colore et figura tauri, and 
is only distinguished from the common ox through its magni- 
tude and amplitudo cornuum. 
With respect to the fossil skeleton, it is thus: the forehead 
convex, for the most part above, between the roots of the horns ; 
the nasal bones short, broad (only 33 times as long as broad ; in 
the Urus they are 5, in B. longifrons near 6, and in the tame ox 
61 times as long as broad), going up to the line which is drawn 
right over the sockets of the eyes ; these are produced into tube- 
shaped processes. The lower, or front part of the lachrymal 
bones, uch narrower than the upper ; the distance between the 
orbit and the base of the horn a little longer than the orbit’s 
diameter. The forehead upward, strongly shelving backward ; 
