Bovine Animals of Scandinavia. 4g 
the border of the occiput lies about 33 inches behind the roots 
of the horns ; at the back of this border the occiput is more trans- 
verse and not so concave as in the foregoing species of true Bos. 
The foramen of the occiput smaller towards the front, almost 
triangular, with the front angle obtuse. The horn-cores, resting 
on pedicles, are directed outward and somewhat backward, also 
eurved in a crescent, in ene direction only, which is ipercedl and 
somewhat upward. The temporal cavity very small in the 
‘entre, the ends widened, the front somewhat broader than the 
back. Atlas: the wings transverse, of equal breadth in front 
and back, 8 in. 4: lin., with obtuse back lobes ; the upper curva- 
ture strongly convex with a transverse knob in the centre ; ; the 
lower with a round knob in the middle (somewhat more distant 
from the front than the back margin). pistropheus short, 
broad ; its process. spinos. forms a high ridge, which is highest 
and most projecting towards the back (its hind margin broad), 
and forms an angle towards the front projecting over the pro- 
cess. odontoideus. Along the under side is a ridge, which does 
not go backward past the margin of the concave posterior articular 
surface. Foramen medulle spinalis in front three-sided, almost 
heart-shaped. The process. transversi of the cervical vertebre 
curved upwards. In other respects it differs from the Urus, 
which in bulk it most resembles, through the spimous processes 
of the anterior dorsal vertebre, which are longer in the Bison, 
about | ft. 6-7 in., in the Urus about | ft. and a couple of inches ; 
by its larger, and particularly longer shoulder-blades ; narrower 
rib- bones, of which it has fourteen pairs, the broadest of which 
is 2 in. (in the Urus quite 2:5); on the other hand it has not 
more than five lumbar vertebree*. 
Foram. obtur. oblong-oval. Extremities generally somewhat 
higher and less stoutly built than in the Urus. In order 
that we may form some idea of the magnitude of this extinct 
animal as compared with the present, we will insert here the 
measurement of some of the bones in that beautiful skeleton of a 
Lithuanian Aurochs, which was killed a few years ago, and pre- 
sented to the British Museum by the Emperor of Russia, and a 
fossil skeleton of the ancient period, dug up from a turf-bog at 
BjersjGholm, in southern Scania near Y stad, and now preserved in 
the Zoological Museum in Lundy. (Compare further the 
skeleton of the Bos primgenius, pp. 258-261.) 
* The Reindeer has the same number of ribs and lumbar vertebra. The 
Stag, on the contrary, has the same as the Urus, 
+ This remarkable discovery from antiquity, the like of which, as far as 
I know, no other museum in Europe can show, was sent as a present to 
the University’s Museum in Lund in the year 1812, by the then possessor 
of the estate Bjersjéholm, Major Cock, 
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 2. Vol. iv. 28 
