166 Dr. P.M. Duncan on Fossil Corals and Echinoderms 
The species is closely allied to H. Hoffmanni, Goldf.; but it 
has non-crenulate tubercles, which have a tendency to touch the 
scrobicular circle. It is easily distinguished from the Javan 
Tertiary species, and from the Hemipatagus Grignoniensis. 
11. Clypeaster folium, Agassiz. 
Var. with a marginal periproct. 
Locality. Muddy Creek, the Murray, South Australia. Coll. 
Geol. Soe. 
Remarks on the Species. 
The Caryophyllia viola is readily distinguished by the structure 
of its coste, the rounded and compressed base, the papillary 
columella, and the tall pali. At first sight it resembles the 
Pleurocyathi of the German Oligocene, but a careful examination 
determines its genus readily. The new species has no resem- 
blance to the Caryophyllia of the Sicilian Pliocene, and it has 
not any recent allies. The generic name of Cyathina appears to 
have met with little favour of late; and the species formerly 
classified under that name are now termed Caryophyllia by M. 
Milne-Edwards, the old Caryophyllia becoming Lithophyllia. 
The three species of the genus FV/abellum are remarkable: one 
is known to exist. at the present day on the Chinese coast, and 
the others are new to zoology. FF. Candeanum and the new F. 
Victorie are the first instances of fossil Flabella truncata. The 
species included in this section of the genus have as yet been 
found as recent Corals in the Chinese, Oceanic, and Australian 
waters. It was to be expected that some of them, or some ex- 
tinct members of the section, would be found in the Tertiaries 
of Australia. 
The F. Gambierense is a pedicellate species, with a low septal 
number; and its nearest species (remote, however) is #. Galla- 
pagense (Miocene). 
The Placotrochi are also remarkable; for either both the spe- 
cies indicate that the lamellar columella is an insufficient ge- 
neric distinction, or they afford an extraordinary example of 
mimetism in two closely allied genera. The genus Flabellum 
does not differ from the genus Placotrochus, except that it has 
no essential and lamellar columella; but there are parallel spe- 
cies of both genera with the columellar distinction alone. That 
is to say, there are pedicellate Flabella and Placotrochi—some 
compressed, with lateral crests, numerous septa, and wide calices, 
others without crests, and some are cuneiform: there are trun- 
cate species of both genera, and in Jamaica (Miocene of Bowden) 
there is a section im which both genera are costulated and 
