Dr. J. E. Gray on the Acclimatization of Animals. 293 
semidomesticated state various species of wild cattle, such as theGyal, 
the Gour, and the Banting, and have even obtained some hybrid 
breeds between some of them and the Zebus, as well as the Buffalo, 
which they have in common with Africa and the south of Europe. 
In the park of the Governor-General of India there are large herds 
of the Black Antelope, the Axis Deer, and the Porcine Deer.in a semi- 
domestic state ; and our officers found in the park of the Emperor of 
China at Pekin more than one species of domesticated native Deer. 
We have as yet received from Japan only one peculiar species of 
domestic animal, viz. a Pig with a plaited face (Sus plicatus) ; but 
it is not unlikely that the Deer called Cervus Sika is a domesticated 
species, like the Cervus Swinhoii of Formosa, In Celebes there is 
a small Buffalo called dnoa; and in the same island, as well as in 
Java and some of the other islands of the Indian Ocean, most of 
the aboriginal pigs, including the Babirussa, have been more or less 
completely domesticated. These numerous instances will suffice to 
show how largely Asiatics have been enabled to draw around them 
for additions to their domestic or half-domestic races; but a glance 
at the habits and manners of most of them will suffice to show 
how little they would be suited to our more northern climate, and 
how small would be the advantage gained were it possible to intro- 
duce them here. 
Africa has only sent to Europe the Guinea-fowl, that vagrant 
from our farm-yards; but it too has some domesticated animals of its 
own. In the more fertile and well-watered parts of that continent 
there exist at least five different kinds of domestic cattle :—the 
Buffalo (Bos Bubalus) and humpless cattle, which appear to be of 
the same species and to be derived from the same source as the 
Buffalo and domestic Oxen of Europe. The African Zebu (Bos 
Dante) appears to be distinct from the Zebu of India, and is proba- 
bly an indigenous domestic race; and the long-eared bush-cattle, or 
Zamous (Bos brachyceros), ave certainly an aboriginal species peculiar 
to tropical Africa. Besides these, it has, in the Desert regions, the 
Camel in common with Asia: this animal is also partially domesti- 
cated in the southern parts of Europe. 
America had only three or (if we reckon the Dog) at most four 
domestic animals belonging to the country before it was discovered 
by Europeans, who have, however, since introduced into it most of 
those which they themselves previously possessed. The Turkey was 
only domesticated by the native Mexicans; and it may be observed 
that in Europe these birds have only been imperfectly naturalized, 
requiring peculiar care and attention in their early stages to protect 
them from the effects of an ungenial climate. The Llama and Alpaca 
were also early domesticated by the native Peruvians; and it would 
appear as if these animals would not bear transportation to other 
quarters. All the attempts, at least, which have hitherto been made 
to mtroduce them into Europe and Australia have resulted in failure. 
The Esquimaux inhabiting the more northern regions have a peculiar 
race of dogs, which are in the highest degree useful to them; but it 
appears to be of the same original stock with the dogs of Europe, 
and had probably passed from one continent to the other. 
