from the Red Crag. 355 
Castor veterior, n. sp. 
Two molar teeth, one of which is represented in PI. VIII. fig. 5 
and an incisor of the lower jaw, in fig. 6, belong to Mr. Whin- 
copp’s collection. They were obtained from a Red-Crag pit in 
the neighbourhood of Sutton, and are in the usual mineralized 
condition of Red-Crag Mammalian remains, being very heavy 
and presenting an iron-stained glossy surface; so that any per- 
son with a moderate experience in these matters would at once 
recognize their origin. They unmistakeably belong to a species 
of Beaver. The molar figured I have carefully compared, with 
the assistance of Mr. Davies, with the skulls of Castor Europeus 
from the Lincolnshire fens, in the British Museum, as also with 
teeth from Grays, and a specimen in my own collection of the 
Canadian Beaver. I find that it is the premolar of the upper jaw 
of the left side, the dental ae of the Beaver, as given by 
Prof. Owen, being i. 3, pm. >, m. = = 20. It differs chiefly 
from the specimens I have eruained in the great length of the 
fang, and also in the arrangement of the folds of enamel on the 
crown or flat grinding-surface. This resembles that of the 
Castor Canadensis rather than that of the C. Huropeus, but 
differs from it in the greater width of the fossee of dentine be- 
tween the enamel ridges, and in the greater inward development 
of the large anterior fold or lobe. In C. Europeus the pre- 
molar of the upper jaw presents the same general arrangement 
of the enamel ridges; but certain minor variations may be de- 
tected which do not exist in the Crag or Canadian species. 
These relate merely to the proportion and development of cer- 
tain folds, and are probably of little value as specific characters. 
I do not, however, hesitate to consider the Beaver to which the 
teeth under description belonged as a distinct species. Fossil 
Beavers have been met with at Perrier and in the Val d’Arno, 
the latter bemg a Miocene, the former a Pliocene deposit. The 
Crag form does not resemble either of these, and I therefore 
distinguish it as Castor veterior. The C. Huropeus has been 
met with in a fossil condition at Grays in Essex, and at Ilford, 
associated with the remains of Hlephas antiquus, Rhinoceros 
tichorhinus, &e. The Trogontherium Cuviert has a tooth very 
differently marked from that figured, the age of which would 
otherwise have induced one to compare the two. 
There is little doubt that the Beaver, like all the terrestrial 
Mammalia found in the Crag which are known (with perhaps 
one or two exceptions), was derived from a previous Miocene 
deposit. 
I should mention that the incisor tooth, which is imperfect, 
presents no very striking characters, but is of a very rich black 
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