162 , M. de Quatrefages on 



two races, are perfectly well founded. Melanesian negroes 

 really occupied New Zealand before the Maoris. Upon this 

 point craniological investigations have confirmed what I wrote 

 eleven years before the publication of Dr. Haast's memoir*. 

 But this ethnical duality of the New-Zealand populations by 

 no means implies as its consequence the destruction of the 

 Moas by the first occupants. In Europe the Palaeolithic men 

 did not exterminate the reindeer and the chamois, nor even 

 the urus. 



To support his views and to throw back the extinction of 

 the Moas to a past which, he says, cannot be calculated even 

 by centuries t, Di*> Haast no less invokes the results of his 

 excavations in the Sumner cave. He describes it as con- 

 taining two layers, which, according to him, were distinctly 

 separated. In the lower one were found ovens and numerous 

 Moa-bones ; this was formed of the remains of the repasts of 

 the Melanesians. The upper layer, he states, presented only 

 the shells of various Mollusca, formerly eaten by other natives 

 who were the forefathers of the existing Maoris. Mr. MacKay, 

 a member of the Geological Survey, who assisted Dr. Haast 

 in his researches, has also published a note, in which he puts 

 forward nearly the same opinions as his chief J. 



But the clearly marked distinction, upon which MM. Haast 

 and MacKay insist, does not occur elsewhere. At several 

 points a mixture of shells and Moa-bones has been met with. 

 And, further, the locality first investigated by those geologists 

 was afterwards explored by Capt. Hutton and Mr. Booth, 

 both of them familiar by long practice with researches of this 

 kind. Now the facts ascertained by them contradict formally 

 and upon several points the statements of the first explorers. 

 Among other things, MM. Hutton and Booth most frequently 

 found the Moa-bones associated with beds of shells ] and they 



* A. de Quatrefages, " Les Polynesiens et leurs Migrations " {' Eevue 

 des Deux-Mondes,' Februaiy 1864). These articles, enlarged and fur- 

 nished with notes and with four maps, were afterwards collected into a 

 volume, which appeared under the same title. 



A. de Quatrefages and E. Ilamy, ' Crassia ethnia,' p. 291. Among 

 other evidences of the presence of two races in New Zealand, the Museum 

 possesses a dried head of a Maori chief, the tattooing of which attests its 

 origin, while the hair is purely Melanesian. I have had this engraved in 

 a book, of which I have already spoken (' Hommes fossiles et hommes 

 sauvages,' pp. 486, 487, figs. 171, 172). _ 



t Loc. cit. (' Transactions ' &c. vol. vii. p. 81). 



\ " On the Identity of the Moa-hunters with the present Maori Race " 

 (' Transactions ' &c. vol. vii. p. 98). 



