BibUogra])7iical Notices. 287 



is H. j)unjabiensis, and it is considered probable that the second pre- 

 mohir ditf'ers from the corresponding tooth of H. sivalensis by being 

 inserted by two fangs, a character which differentiates it from bears 

 and ai)proximates it to Cej^)haJogale and dogs. A third species, H. 

 palinndu-us has tlie first mohir approximating to the dog-like genus 

 Dinocyon ; it also approximates to the true dogs in tlie comparative 

 slendorness of the mandible and in the suppression of the third molar, 

 a character which is unknown among bears. By the species If. pun- 

 jahieusis Hycenarctos approximates towards the genus ArctotJu'riam, 

 and b}' the species /)rt/(HH^/u'«* towards the genus Dinoci/on. There is 

 no further evidence of the descent oi: Jlt/ceiiarctos, though, as the tuber- 

 culate dentition approaches most nearly to that of Bunodont Suina, 

 it is possible that future discoveries may bridge over what is at 

 present a considerable gap. 



The Caninie form a not less important group than the bears. The 

 author attempts to divide the dogs into Microdonts and Macrodonts ; 

 but the difi'erences in the proportionate width of the teeth are much 

 less marked than among bears. Among living dogs there is a good 

 deal of variation in the character of the premolar teeth and the 

 number of the molars, Otocyon having the molars ^, Canis m, |, 

 Cyon m. -|, and Icticyon -^. So that Icticyon is the most specia- 

 lized living dog, for with the diminished development of the molais 

 the carnassial character increases. Among the fossil representatives 

 is Cynodatis of the Quercy phos^jhatitcs, which, with some attinities to 

 the civet tribe, has other characters linking it with the dog-liko bears. 

 CynoJoH is a genus of tlie Middle Tertiary of Europe, which, in so 

 far as it differs from Cynodictis, approaches Cunis, but has a Vivcrrine 

 character in the large size of the talon of the first molar of the 

 mandible. 



Th(^ modification is traced through AmjMcynodon, in which the 

 molars are more trenchant and comjn-essed than in Cynodictis, with 

 a stronger inner tubercle to the upper carnassial than in Cyaodon, 

 and other characters in the fourth premolar of the mandible indi- 

 cate an approach to Canis. Ampliicyon is remarkable for having a 

 small tliird molar in the cranium, a character Avhich is seen in the 

 living Otocyon ; but the limbs and some parts of the skull have 

 decided resemblances to the beais. The transition is gradual from 

 these types to Cephahyale and Dinocyon. In the former the number 

 of cheek-teeth is the same as in Canis, but some characters of the 

 premolars, like the larger inner tubercle of the fourth and the huge 

 hind talon of the first mandibular molar, indicate affinity with Dino- 

 cyon. In the Indian deposits the dogs comjjrise only two genera. 

 Amphicyon is found in the middle of the Lower Tertiary of Europe ; 

 it is known from sixteen fossil species, some of which arc confined 

 to North America, but the majority are from Erance and Central 

 Europe. The only fossil Indian species is Amphicyon pahTindicus. 

 The genus was identified by Dr. Ealconer ; and Mr. Lydekker dis- 

 tinguishes the species by the greater specialization of the first molar 

 of the m audible. It apparently extends from the Kangra district to 



