288 BihliograpMcal Notices. 



8ind. The nearest European species is from Bohemia and Styria, 

 The genus Ganis is made to include Valpes, Lupus, Urocyon, and 

 their allies. The upper part of the Lower Tertiary of Paris has 

 yielded a mandible, referred to Canis, and other remains from the 

 phosphatites of Quercy have been referred to the same genus, though 

 they differ from its modern representatives — indicating that typical 

 dogs had not, at that time, appeared in Europe. Cope and Marsh 

 have both described many canine animals from the Tertiaries of 

 North America. Three species are found in the Siwalik rocks of 

 India : first Cams curvipalatus, which is compared with the Bengal 

 fox and the Californiau Cams littoraJis ; biit it tends to bridge over 

 the gap between Cams and Otocjjon, the form of the mandilile espe- 

 cially agreeing with Otocyoa, while resemblances are not wanting 

 in the dentition. Another species is Canis Cauileifi, which is a 

 large wolf. Mr. Lydekker compares it, as did Mr. Bose, with the 

 living Indian wolf, Canis paUipes, but differences in the angular 

 processes of the mandible and the relations of the carnassial teeth 

 distinguish it. In some respects the Siwalik wolf is more specia- 

 lized, so that tlie author doubts its having been the direct ancestor 

 of the living species. A third species is indicated, and compared 

 with the jackal, but not named. 



The next family is the Viverridae, a group which, at the present 

 day, is related by Genctla to the Cats, by Herpestes with Proteles aud 

 the Hytena, while fossil forms show it to have been connected by 

 Cynodk-tis with the Bogs, and to exhibit a much more intimate con- 

 nexion than is seen at the present day with both Cats and Hyasnas. 

 Of the genus Viverra the author indicates twelve species, of which 

 four or five are recent. The genus at the present day is exclusively 

 Asiatic, being limited to the Oriental province, with the exception of 

 V. civetta, which is found in North and West Africa. The Siwalik 

 fossil species are the Viverra Btilceri and a new form which the 

 author names V. Durandi. The former is compared with V. civetta 

 and V. zihetha, and is considered to have been probably the ancestor 

 of the latter species. Viverra Durandi is indicated by a much 

 larger skull, and differs from V. zihetha in the greater proportionate 

 width of the frontals across the postorbital process. It is the 

 largest known civet. 



The Hyteua family comprises Hyaena and Proteles. Mr. Lyd- 

 deker believes that the transition is so complete between Hya'na 

 and Hyamictis of Gaudry, that the two genera may be united. 

 It may, however, be convenient not to entirely efface the land- 

 marks of evolution, of which Professor Gaudry's name is certainly 

 one. Hytena is an Old-World typo. The living species are found in 

 India, Persia, Asia Minor, and North and South Africa. The fossil 

 representatives have been found in Euroj^e, North Africa, India, and 

 China. The described species number eleven, of which three still exist. 

 The Indian fossil species in addition to these are Hya'iia felitia, 

 H. Colvini, H. macrostoma, H. sivalensis, with indications of another. 

 The Hi/ima felina is most nearly allied to H. crocata, but readil}' 

 distinguished by the larger size of the fourth premolar of the 



