the Family Cichlide. 45, 
slender or rather stout, compressed or cylindrical, uni- or bi- 
cuspid, acute or obtuse. Occipital crest extending forward 
to posterior end of a median excavation of frontals ; parietal 
crests ending between the orbits ; ethmoid suturally united 
with or in contact with vomer ; nasals not or scarcely broader 
posteriorly than anteriorly. Articular surface for upper 
pharyngeals transverse, entered by basioccipital at the 
postero-lateral angles. Vertebrae 29 to 34 (13-17+ 15-18) ; 
third with a pair of inferior apophyses which unite below. 
Africa. 
This is the largest African genus, including 14 of the 16 
species placed by Boulenger in Haplochromis, 8 (23-27, 30— 
32) included by him in Pelmatochromis, at least 26 (10-12, 
14-29, 37-38, 40-44) of the 53 referred to Paratilapia, and 
the majority of the species with ctenoid scales placed in 
Tilapia *. 
Haplochromis is represented in Tanganyika by one of the 
forms grouped together as H. desfontainest? and by two 
species placed by Boulenger in Tilapia, H. horit and 
HI. burtoni. 
19. Ecropus, Bouleng., 1898 (type Z. descampsiz, Bouleng.). 
Dorsal XIJI-XIV 13-15. Anal III 8-11. Outermost 
pelvic rays longest. Scales denticulate, large (34-38) ; two 
lateral lines. Mouth small, terminal; maxillary concealed ; 
teeth conical, in narrow. bands, outer of lower jaw directed 
' ™ The following genera are closely related to Haplochromis :—Lipo- 
chromis, gen. nov. (type Pelmatochromis obesus, Bouleng.). Lower jaw 
shutting within upper. Neochromis, gen. nov. (type Tilapia simotes, 
Bouleng.). As Haplochromis, but teeth small, in bands, outer not 
enlarged, bicuspid, inner tricuspid. Cnestrostoma, gen. nov. (type Para- 
tilapia polyodon, Bouleng.); jaws with broad bands of small conical 
teeth, outer not enlarged. Mylochromis, gen. nov. (type Tilapia lateri- 
striga, Giinth.) ; middle pharyngeal teeth large and obtuse, sharply 
differentiated from the other teeth, which are slender and bicuspid. 
Saryochromis, gen. nov. (type Paratilapia codringtoni, Bouleng.). Fourth 
vertebra with inferior apophyses that meet below; pharyngeal teeth 
stout and blunt; articular surface for upper pharyngeals nearly as broad 
as long, its basioccipital portions nearly meeting behind parasphenoid. 
Labrochromis, gen. nov. (type Tilapia pallida, Bouleng.); inferior apo- 
physes on third vertebra formed as in Haplochromis; pharyngeal teeth 
and pharyngeal apophysis asin Saryochromis. Serranochromis, gen. nov. 
(type Chromys thambergt, Casteln.); as Haplochromis, but inferior 
apophyses on fourth vertebra very small. Astatoreochromis, Pellegr. 
(alluaudi); 4 to 6 anal spines; pharyngeal teeth large and obtuse. 
Clinodon, gen. nov. (type Hemitilapia bayont, Bouleng.); structure of 
Haplochromis, dentition of Hemitilapia, 
