On wew or little-known Tipulidee. 53 
most nearly resembles; they are peculiar to Tanganyika, 
except for a Petrochromis in Lake Nyassa and a Cyphotilapia 
in the Congo. 
The remaining genera have the pharyngeal apophysis 
formed partly by the basioccipital ; the widely distributed 
Haplochromis has two endemic species in Tanganyika ; there 
are also a number of endemic genera with small conical teeth, 
closely related to Haplochromis ; of these Aulonocranus leads 
to Trematocara, and Ectodus through Callochromis to Xeno- 
tilapia and Grammatotria. 
A well-marked group includes genera with small scales, a'l 
endemic; of these Hemibates, with small conical teeth, is 
intermediate between Haplochromis and Bathybates, with 
strong pluriserial teeth, and Haplotaxodon, with rather small 
uniserial teeth. Xenochromis and Plecodus differ from Haplo- 
taxodon only in their peculiar dentition, Another well- 
marked group apparently derived from L/aplochromis includes 
the genera with strong anterior teeth; this group. includes 
Eretmodus and Spathodus, with incisor-like teeth and three 
anal spines, and J'elmatochromis, Julidochromis, and Lampro- 
logus, with strong conical teeth and 4 to 10 anal spines. All 
but Lamprologus are peculiar to the lake, and the great diver- 
sity of the Tanganyika species of Lamprologus and its close 
relationship to the more generalized Telmatochromis make 
it almost certain that it originated in Tanganyika. 
The above remarks may be summarized thus :—Nearly all 
the Tanganyika Cichlide are endemic species belonging to 
genera that originated in the lake; except Meotilapia these 
genera fall into two divisions, which may have evolved in the 
lake from two ancestral types, one nearly related to Limno- 
tilapia and the other to Haplochromis. 
1V.—New or little-known Tipulide (Diptera).—I. Ethiopian 
Species. By CHARLES P, ALEXANDER, Ph.D., Urbana, 
Illinois, U.S.A. 
‘THE new species described in the following pages will be 
discussed more fully and figured in a monographic treatment 
of the crane-flies of the Ethiopian region that the writer has 
in preparation. ; 
The species described were sent to me for naming by 
Rev. J. A. Reis, Dr. E. Warren, and Prof. A.J. T. Janse, to 
all of whom I express my sincere thanks. 
The holotypes are preserved in the collection of the writer, 
unless stated otherwise. 
