Freshwater Fossils from Central South Africa. 247 
gical Surveyors of that country. More recently Mr. E. W. 
Vredenburg * has added further confirmation of this late 
Cretaceous age for the Indian deposits by referring to the 
occurrence of Physa prinsepii in the Maestrichtian strata of 
Baluchistan associated with the Ammonite, Sphenodiscus 
ubaghs’, Grossouvre, accounting for the freshwater Gastropod 
as having been washed out of a neighbouring estuary during 
the deposition of the marine Ammonite-rocks. The proba- 
bility of this correlation of the Indian beds with the Laramie 
group seems also to be demonstrated by the occurrence in 
both of Dinosaurian reptiles, for it is known that the Lameta 
deposits forming the lowest part of the Intertrappean series 
of India have yielded Titanosaurus + in supposed association 
with Physa prinsepii, as also, according to Hislop t, with 
Viviparus deccanensis and other shells common to those 
Indian rocks. It is of interest to note that Titanosaurus and 
further Dinosaurs have been also described from the Upper 
Cretaceous deposits of Madagascar (around Mevarana) by 
M. ©. Depéret §, but with no record of their association with 
fluvio-lacustrine mollusca or plant-life. No Chara relics are 
known from the true Laramie group, although Mr. Knowlton |i 
has described C. stantont from the Bear River deposits of the 
United States which he regarded as of Laramie age, but 
which Mr. Stanton {] believes to be older, and of an age 
nearer the base of the Upper Cretaceous—probably between 
the Cenomanian and Turonian, as judged by the European 
standard of stratigraphy. G. RK. Wieland ** also supports an 
Upper Cretaceous age for the Bear River Beds, although 
recognizing them as older than the Laramie. Again, a 
faunistic resemblance has been pointed out among the fossils 
of the Belly River deposits of Canada and those of the 
opalized beds of New South Wales TT, both of which exhibit 
an estuarine facies, as they contain Plesiosaurian and Dino- 
saurian remains as well as freshwater and marine mollusca 
and other organisms, while such deposits are referred to the 
Uppermost Cretaceous. In estimating the importance of 
* ‘Records Geol. Surv. India,’ 1907, vol. xxxv. pp. 114-118. 
+ Lydekker, ‘Records Geol. Surv. India,’ 1877, vol. x. p. 88; and 
R. D. Oldham’s edition of Medlicott and Blanford’s ‘ Manual of the Geology 
of India,’ 1893, pp. 264, 265. 
t Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. 1864, vol. xx. pp. 280-282. 
§ Bull. Soc. Géol. France, 1896, ser. 3, vol. xxiv. pl. vi. pp. 176-194. 
|| ‘ Botanical Gazette ’ (Indiana), 1898, vol. xviii. p. 141. 
{| American Journ. Sci. 1892, ser. 3, vol. xliii. pp. 98-115, 
** Mon. United States Geol. Surv. 1905, vol. xlviii. p. 208. 
tt R. Bullen Newton, Proc. Mal. Soc. London, 1915, vol. xi. pl. vi. 
pp. 217-235. 
