Miscellaneous. 233 



lum of the femur, shows the left humerus, portions of right and left 

 scapulas, portions of the coracoid, clavicle, interclavicle, the pelvic 

 bones, all the bones of the hind limb, distal ends of ulna and radius, 

 carpus, metacarpus, and five digits. With these a fragment of a 

 skull is associated, which has the maxillary and mandibular teeth in 

 contact, showing the animal to be Gomphodont ; while so much as 

 is preserved closely resembles the skull of Microgomphodon, and 

 apparently the canine was not larger than the premolar. This 

 skeleton demonstrates a close general resemblance of plan between 

 the Gomphodontia and Cynodontia. The lower dorsal ribs have a 

 transverse lozenge-shaped enlargement, which, however, is less 

 developed than in Cynognathus. The pelvis is exposed on the 

 ventral side. As in most, if not all, South- African Therosuchia, it 

 shows no iudication of median division between the pubic bones, 

 while the ischia retain their individuality. 



The pubis articulated to a short tubercle on the ilium. The 

 blade of the ilium is thin, but imperfectly exposed, and the ischia 

 are shaped as in Pliosaurus, but the pubis does not closely resemble 

 that of any reptile. The femur has the inferior internal trochanteric 

 ridge only slightly developed. There is no neck defining the head 

 of the bone from the shaft. The fibula is slender ; no indication of 

 a patella is preserved. Below the stout tibia the proximal row of 

 the tarsus appears to consist of two bones — an inner astragalus with 

 hemispherical proximal surface, and a narrow elongated bone which 

 appears to be the calcaneum. There were three or four bones in 

 the distal row of the tarsus, but only one is preserved. The digits 

 are nearly parallel with each other, and the foot has a compact 

 character like that of Dicynodon. 



The scapulas have the pre-scapula developed on the same plan as 

 in Cynognathus, and the anterior margin of the bone reflected 

 upward, so as to form the spine of the scapula, uerminating in the 

 acromion. The two ends of the humerus are twisted at an angle of 

 45 degrees, and the bone is expanded as in many Saurischian reptiles. 

 The carpus shows three bones in the proximal row, a large reniform 

 carpal below the ulna, regarded as the pisiform bone : a compara- 

 tively small middle carpal is identified as the cuneiform bone. The 

 third bone corresponds with the scapho-lunar of Theriodesmus ; it is 

 beneath the radius. There is no indication of any pre-pollex. 

 There are four bones in the distal row of the carpus. There are 

 five digits. 



In the pelvis and the limb-bones this Anomodont type approxi- 

 mates to the Saurischia and Mammalia, just as the Ornithischia 

 approximate to birds in the same parts of the skeleton. 



Triraclwdon is founded on four individuals which have the skull 

 about 4 inches long. Like the other Gomphodont genera, this type 

 has the dentary bone developed so as to occupy the length of the 

 mandible, but the lower jaw is composite, the internal bones filling 

 the space which in mammals is occupied by the meckelian cartilage. 

 The postfrontal and prefrontal bones are well developed. The 



