On the Genera SarJinella, Harengula, cfec. ,377 



XXXIV. — A Revision of the Ghipeid Fishes of the Genera 

 Sardinella, Harengula, &c. By C. Tate Regan, M.A. 



(PuWished by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) 



The genus Clupea, as understood by Giintlier, includes a 

 number of genera which may be arranged in two groups : 

 one of these, characterized by a well-marked median notch in 

 the upper jaw, has been dealt with in a recent paper {supra, 

 p. 297) ; the other group includes genera without a distinct 

 notch in the upper jaw, namely, Clupea, Clupeonella, Sardina, 

 Sardinella^ Opisthonema, Harengida, Lile^ and Ileringia. 

 Of these 1 have already published revisions of Clupea and 

 Sardina {' Annals,' (8) xviii. 1916, p. 1, and xix. 1917, p. 226), 

 and I have nothing to add to Berg's synopsis of Clupeonella 

 {Harengula, Berg, 'Annals,' (8) xi. 1913, p. 480, and Poiss. 

 de I'eau douce de la Russie, p. 30, 1916). The other genera, 

 comprising species that are mostly tropical and strictly 

 marine, form the subject of the present paper. 



Sardinella, Val. 1847. 



Cuv. & Val. Hist. Nat. Poiss. xx. p. 263. 

 Clupeonia, Cuv. & Val. t. c. p. 345. 



This genus is closely related to Sardina, Antipa (Regan, 

 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xviii. 1916, p. 11), from whicli 

 it differs especially in the absence of radiating grooves on the 

 operculum and in the structure of the posterior margin of the 

 branchial chamber, the vertical edo'e of the cleithrum beinu- 

 covered by a dermal fold which bears two obtusely pointe/l 

 projections some distance apart, with a shallow concavity 

 between them. The verfebree are fewer than in Sardina, 

 numbering 44 in 8. gibbosa, 45 in 8. sindensis, and 4G in 

 S. longiceps and 8. maderensis. 



The majority of the species are tropical, but those of the 

 Eastern Atlantic range into the Mediterranean ; most of 

 them are of considerable economic value, both as food-fishes 

 and as a source of oil. 



Synopsis of the Species. 



I, Ventral scutes shnrply keeled. 



A. Pelvic tins 9-rayed ; a darli spot at edge of operculum. 

 Eye 85 to 4^ in length of head, which is 3| to 4 in 

 length of fish ; 110-160 gill-rakers on lower 

 part of anterior arch 1. aiirita, 



Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xix. 25 



