386 Uv. C. T. rJegan on the Clupeid Fishes 



15 or 16 ill a transverse spries ; veutial scutes 17-20 + 13-lC). 

 Dorsal 18-20. Anal 22-25. Pelvics 8-rayed, a little in 

 adva4,ice of middle of" dorsal. 



Carolina to Brazil. 



Several examples, 85 to 275 mm. in total length. 



2. Opisfhonema lihertatis. 



Meletta lihertatis, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1866, p. 603. 



Clupea lihertatis, Giiuth. Cat. Fish, vii. p. 433 (1868). 



Opisfhonema libertate, Jord. & Everm. Ball. U.S. Nat, Mas. xlvii, 



1896, p. 433. 

 Clupea {Opisthonema) hulleri, Ilegan, Ann. & Mag. Nat, Hist. (7) xiii. 



1904, p. 255. 



Depth of body 3 to 3^ in the length, length of head 3^ to 

 41. Snout as long as or longer than diameter of eye, wliicli 

 is 31 to 5 in tlie length of head ; maxillary extending to 

 below anterior \ or nearly to middle of eye. 85 (young) to 

 165 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. 48 to 50 

 scales in a longitudinal, 11 to 16 in a transverse series ; 

 ventral scutes 17-19 + 14-16. Dorsal 17-19. Anal 19-21. 

 Pelvics 8-rayed, a little in advance of middle of dorsal. 



Pacific coast of Mexico and Central America; Galapagos 

 I.slands. 



Several examples, 75 to 250 mm. in total length. 



Harengula, Val. 1817. 



Cuv, & Val. Hist, Nat. Poiss. xx. p. 277. 



This genus has never been properly distinguished from 

 Sardiiieila, but they differ in so'me important characters. 

 In Sardinella, as in Sardina, the two last rays of the aaial 

 tin are enlarged and the transverse grooves on the scales are 

 paired, their inner ends separated by an interspace. In 

 Barengula the posterior anal rays are equal and tlie trans- 

 verse grooves on the scales are continuous ; moreover, the 

 lower jaw is more prominent and the sheath at the base of 

 the dorsal tin is lower than in Sardinella. I count 39 ver- 

 tebijein 11. dispilonotus, 40 in M. maculosa and H. castelnaui, 

 41 in H. jyensacolce, 42 in //. schrammi, 43 in //. zunasi, 43 

 or 44 in //. macrophthalma^ and 44 in //. punctata. 



Like Sardinella, this genus occurs in the tropical Indo- 

 Pacific; but whereas Sardinella has four AVest African and 

 Mediterranean and only one Antillean species, Harengula 

 has four species on the coasts of Tropical America, but is 

 absent from the eastern Atlantic. 



