Marine Fauna of Great Britain. 409 



Beroe {Idyia cucumis) swim amidst swarms of Arachnactis 

 alhida of Sars, a pelagic stage of an anemone {Ceriantkus) j 

 and they are also sometimes accompanied by Diphyes and 

 Physophora. 



In the off-shore waters, again, we have the zoophyte 

 Aglaoplienia^ a genus characteristically southern. Of ane- 

 mones Bolocera eques^ B. Tuedice, Stoinpliiuj and Adamsia 

 occur, all, however, passing further south along the east 

 coast. The stony corals are more characteristic, such as 

 Caryophyllia Smithii, var, horealis^ and, in small numbers, 

 Paracyathus and Ulocyathus. Epizoanthus appears to be 

 almost typical and in great profusion, one form {E. incrus- 

 tans) being inhabited by a hermic-crab. 



The characteristic Kchinoderms are two species of rosy 

 feather-star in considerable numbers, Asterias glacialis and 

 Asterias Mii/leri, the latter being only met with in deep 

 water, whereas at St. Andrews it occurs between tide-marks. 

 The sea-urchins are represented by tiie piper ( Cidaris papil- 

 lata)j Echinus Flemingii^ E. norveyius^ Toxopneustes pictusj 

 Brissopsis lyrifera, and a specially soutiiern form Spatangus 

 meridionalis of Kisso. Of Holothurians or sea-cucumbers, 

 one of the most striking is Cucumaria frondosa, which has 

 been familiar to zoologists since the days of Edward Forbes, 

 but Thyonidium hyalinum and species of the genus Thyone 

 are also common. 



Amongst the Annelids are the rare Eurytlioe borealis of 

 Sars, swarms of a small sea- mouse {Lcetinatonice Jilicornis), 

 the northern Eunoa nodosa, JSars, tSthenelais Buskii (found no- 

 where ii\&^) , Panthalis (Erstedi, Nothria conckylega in abund- 

 ance, Eumenia Jeffreysii, Tropjiionia glauca, likodiae Loveniy 

 Axiothea catenata, Amp/iarete arctica, Amphicteis Gunneriy 

 Pista cristata, Trickobranchus glacialis^ and Euchone analis. 

 The remarkable Polygordius is in great profusion amongst the 

 coarse gravelly bottom formed of Melobesia. There are like- 

 wise some peculiar Nemerteans, such sls Amphiporus hastatuSj 

 A, bioculutuSy Meckelia asuicata, and Valeacinia Liaeformis. 



Of the Crustaceans, i^a^wrws tuberculatus^ E,isso, •AwdXantho 

 rivulosusj Kisso — both Mediterranean forms, — Pagurus tn- 

 carinatusj Crangon serratus, and Lophogaster typicus (8toma- 

 poda) are noteworthy *. As a rule the remarkable forms 

 lean to northern types. 



Amongst the Polyzoa the free growths of Cellepora, and 

 the occurrence of such species as Flustra Barleei and Hornera, 

 are interesting. 



The Brachiopods are frequently met with. 



* For these and some other references I am indebted to the late 

 Dr, Gwyn Jeftreys's and Canon Norman's papers. 



