486 Mr. A. Christison on Cannabis indica. 
“« Perianth monophyllous, convoluted, swelling at the base where it 
includes the ovary. Floral leaves, bracts and perianth covered with 
glandular pubescence. 
« Pistil one. Ovary one, rounded, containing a single orthotropal 
erect ovule. Style short, terminal, ending in two elongate filiform 
pubescent stigmata. Fruit a caryopsis. Seed erect, marked with a 
coloured hilum. Embryo exalbuminous.” 
One or two remarks are suggested by this experiment :—Ist. That 
the minute glands under favourable circumstances might act vigorously 
in producing the active resin. 2nd. That a certain climate which we 
cannot imitate is necessary to cause this action. 3rd. That the C. 
indica and C. sativa are identical; and 4th. That the Hemp plant 
possesses a peculiar odour of considerable strength, which is not 
alluded to in the standard works on Botany and Materia Medica. 
It may here be observed, that the Humulus Lupulus or Hop, which 
owes its properties like Cannabis to a glandular resinous secretion, 
belongs to the same natural family and is endowed also with narcotic 
properties. 
A short account will now be given of some of the principal forms 
in which Hemp is met with in the markets of the East ; these are :— 
1. Haschich. 2. Bhang. 3. Gunjah. 4. Churrus. 5. A vamniety 
of electuaries, pastes, &c., in all of which butter or some other olea- 
ginous matter is the basis of formation. 
I. The first or Haschich is the Arabian name given to the dried 
tops of the plant grown in Upper Egypt, the meaning of the word 
being “herb,” or ‘“‘herbe par excellence:”’ the tops are gathered some 
time before the seeds are come to maturity. 
II. Bhang is an Indian preparation consisting of the larger leaves 
and capsules, which according to Dr. O’Shaughnessy is the cheapest 
form used in India, and therefore in common use among the lower 
orders for smoking, &c.; from it is prepared an intoxicating drink, 
and it forms a part of the confection called Majoon. 
ILI. Gunjah is the chief Indian form of the dried plant, and con- 
sists of the drier tops of Cannadis after flowering, and from which 
the resin of the leaves has not been removed ; it is chiefly sold im the 
Calcutta bazaars for smoking, in bundles 2 feet long and 3 inches in 
diameter ; the colour is dusky green, the odour agreeably narcotic, the 
whole resinous and adhesive to the touch. The specimens I have 
examined consist of a central stem with branches, round which are 
aggregated elongated oval masses about 14 inch long, and closely 
pressed together by adhesive resinous matter ; when steeped in water 
these masses can be teased out, and are found to consist of the tops 
of the plant, that is, the flowers, fruit, and smaller leaflets. 
IV. Churrus is the resinous secretion alone, and is therefore the 
most powerful shape in which hemp may be used ; but it is at the 
same time expensive, and is not met with in Europe except as a mu- 
seum specimen. The specimens in Dr. Christison’s museum are 
variously-sized, nodulate, round masses from the size of a pea to that 
of a walnut, and of greenish black colour. It is collected during the 
hot season by seraping the leaves and tops. Dr. O'Shaughnessy states, 
