100 Mr. A. W. Waters on 



rically from forms in which it does not occur; but this 

 cannot now be maintained. In Adeonellidse this difference 

 was made a generic character, but we now see that it only 

 occurs in about half* the species. In Lepralia dimorphism 

 is known in depressa, B. ; bistata, Waters ; cincta, Hincks ; 

 cleidostoma, Sm. ; circumcincta } Nev. In Hippothoa it is 

 sometimes found, as also in many Catenicellidse ; also in 

 Caleschara and Mcnoporella waipukerensis, Waters, in Cri- 

 brilina clithridiata, Waters, and in Scliizoporella subimmersa, 

 MacG., &c. 



In describing Lepralia grimaldi, Jullien says that the 

 dimorphism of the zocecia in this species is enough to shake 

 our confidence in the characteristic value of the oral aperture, 

 but the reason for this is not clear, for the opercula of the 

 ordinary zooecia will have the shape of the species both 

 in colonies with or without ovicelligerous zocecia, and it is 

 therefore a character of the greatest use — besides, in some 

 cases the relationship may also be shown by the ovicelligerous 

 zooecia. 



I am not sure that Hipporina will stand as containing the 

 present somewhat heterogeneous collection, nor do I feel at 

 all satisfied with the family Hippopodinidse, Lev., for circum- 

 cincta has not a thin-walled zocecium, the nature and shape 

 of the ovicell is very different in circumcincta and prcelucida, 

 and then the slight difference in the distal wall in Cheilopora 

 and Hippopodina is a trifling diameter, the difference in the 

 rosette-plates may or may not be of importance. Under 

 the circumstances I, provisionally, at least, adhere to Lepralia 

 of Hincks, and to me it seems that the wisest and simplest 

 thing would have been to have done so generally, and to 

 have gradually removed species to other or new genera when 

 there was sufficient reason for so doing; for as time has gone 

 on it lias become clear that many things were incorrectly 

 grouped together under Lepralia. 



Loc. Naples, 45 lath.; Capri, 30 fath.j Oran, 54 fath. 

 (specimens given by Canu) ; Bay of Biscay, 240 metres 

 (J.$C). 



Fossil. Spilinga, Calabria, post-Pliocene (A 7 .) ; Monteleone, 

 Calabria, Pliocene (A.) ; var., Carrubare, Calabria, Upper 

 Pliocene (JY.). 



* "A Structure in Adeonella," Arm. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, -vol. ix. 

 p. 497 (1912). 



