External Characters of Ruminant Arliodactyia. 139 



Budorcas, ad. <$ . 



Rkinariumwell developed, about 

 14 rum. deep above the nostrils, 

 26 mm. wide between them, and 

 extended beneath them as a naked 

 strip of skin and passing- interiorly 

 to the edge of the upper lip as a 

 mesially grooved band (philtrum) 

 about 7 mm. wide. 



Preorbital ylancl absent. 



Hoofs narrower, more pointed in 

 front, integument between them 

 naked. 



Mammce 4, the anterior and 

 posterior on each side almost in 

 contact, but very widely separated 

 l'rom those of the opposite side, 

 the four together arranged in a 

 transverse oblong about five times 

 as wide as long. 



Prepuce distally pendulous, distal 

 portion of its cavity not provided 

 with longitudinal ridges, but 

 thickly beset with coarse long hairs 

 protruding at all seasons some 

 4 inches from the orifice as a long 

 tuft. 



Glans penis markedly attenuated 

 at the apex, the urethral canal pro- 

 longed for a considerable distance 

 beyond the tip. 



Ovibos, ad. <$ . 



Bhinariwngreatly reduced, about 

 8 ram. deep above the nostrils and 

 only a little more between them, 

 not extending beneath them and 

 not continued inferiorly to the edge 

 of the upper lip. 



Preobital gland present, invagi- 

 nated. 



Hoofs broad, wide in front, in- 

 tegument between them thickly 

 hairy except for the naked heel-tie. 



Mammce 4, arranged so as to 

 form the normal four-sided figure, 

 which is only a little wider than 

 long, the anterior being separated 

 from the posterior on each side by 

 a considerable space. 



Prepuce distally pendulous, distal 

 portion of its cavity provided with 

 longitudinal folds and clothed with 

 fine hairs only in the winter, but 

 these do not form a long protruding 

 tuft. 



Glans penis blunt at the end, the 

 urethral canal not extending be- 

 yond its tip. 



But although the differences above tabulated exclude the 

 idea of: relatiouship between Budorcas and Ovibos, sufficiently 

 intimate to warrant the removal of Budorcas from the 

 Rupicaprinse, as now understood, and its association with 

 Ovibos in a special subfamily, they by no means justify the 

 conviction that Ovibos is not a specialised Rupicaprine. 

 The description, for example, of the preorbital gland applies 

 to that of Capricornis or Capricornulus , and the termination 

 of the urethral canal in Namiurhedus is nearly intermediate 

 in development between those of Budorcas and Ovibos ; the 

 arrangement of the mammae is normal for the Ruminantia, 

 as a whole, including the typical Rupicaprines ; the 

 structure of the feet may be easily derived in imagination 

 from that of Oreamnos or even of Namorhedus, in which the 

 gland has reached the retort-like stage, which in the Caprinse 

 precedes its total suppression, as attested by Ovis and Copra, 

 and the reduction of the rhinariumin Ovibos is foreshadowed 



