50 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 195 7 



was excavated at the site of the lower Cherokee town of Tugalo near 

 Toccoa. There are several historical references to the location dating 

 back to about 1715. The village area at the site had previously been 

 explored, but the mound had not been touched. The mound excava- 

 tions uncovered four superimposed pottery dumps representing a 

 clear continuity from historic Cherokee well back into prehistoric 

 Cherokee. This represents the first known sequence within prehis- 

 toric Cherokee materials. Below the Cherokee deposits with a break 

 in continuity was a burned mound and a sequence extending back- 

 ward through four stages to the beginning of the mound construc- 

 tion. The remains of earth-lodge temples were found on three of 

 the levels and the traces of another type structure were uncovered on 

 the fourth or lowest level. The latter rested on deposits indicating 

 another break in continuity beneath which there was evidence of 

 occupation by a group that has been called Late Middle Creek cul- 

 ture which is believed to date about A. D. 500. The ceramic material 

 obtained from the excavations provides one of the longest pottery se- 

 quences ever found in the Georgia area. The work at the Tugalo 

 Mound was a cooperative project in that labor for the digging was 

 provided by the Georgia Historical Commission and a vehicle for 

 transportation and equipment needed in the investigations was sup- 

 plied by the Department of Anthropology of the University of 

 Georgia. 



Iowa. — During the period August 28 to October 13 an excavating 

 party from the River Basin Surveys working in the Coralville Reser- 

 voir area completely excavated one rock shelter and tested two others. 

 Three open occupation sites were dug and three others tested. Two 

 mounds were also excavated. The materials obtained demonstrate 

 that the peoples living there had a basic Woodland Culture with some 

 later Mississippi traits. The relationship was predominently toward 

 the East, but some influences from the Plains were in evidence. 



Kansas. — During September and October a survey-testing party 

 operated in the Toronto Reservoir area on the Verdigris River in 

 southeastern Kansas. As a result of its investigations, seven sites 

 were recommended for partial excavation or testing. On May 15 an 

 excavating party proceeded to the area and by the end of the fiscal 

 year had dug in eight sites, one of which was found by the excavating 

 party and had not previously been reported. Six of the sites studied 

 were occupation areas in the open and the other two were rock shel- 

 ters. The materials obtained there indicate several cultural relation- 

 ships. There is evidence for Upper Republican, Keith-Focus Wood- 

 land, Archaic, and Kansas City Hopewell. The full significance of 

 the information and specimens obtained will not be apparent until 

 detailed studies have been made in the laboratory. No additional 

 work will be required at the Toronto Reservoir. 



