NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK HOLLISTER 293 



main axis of the foot passes through the third digit. The tapirs, 

 although having four toes on the forelimb, have only three behind. 

 The Artiodactj-la are known as " even-toed " ungulates and have 

 either two or four toes on each foot. These include the true " cloven- 

 hoofed" animals. 



The ungulates are important and popular mammals in zoological 

 parks and are peculiarly suitable for exhibition purposes because 

 many species can be shown in open yards or paddocks which ap- 

 proximate in many instances the natural surroundings inhabited 

 by the animals. No less than 50 species are usually shown in the 

 National Zoological Park, many of which are represented by small 

 breeding herds. 



THE ELEPHANTS 



There are many points of difference between the Indian elephant 

 {Elephas maximus) and the African elephant (Loxodonta africana), 

 but the most conspicuous mark to separate them is the considerable 

 diversity in the size and shape of the ear, that of the African ele- 

 phant being much larger than the ear of the Asiatic species. Both 

 kinds are divisible into a number of forms, no less than 11 sub- 

 species of the African elephant having been recognized by one 

 authority. African elephants attain a greater bulk than their Asiatic 

 kindred, but are not commonly seen in shows or parks, almost all 

 the elephants exhibited in circuses being of the Indian species. 



Closely allied to the elephant of British India is the elephant 

 of Sumatra (Elephas sumatranus). Two young animals of this 

 species were purchased in 1919 by a number of the friends of the 

 children of Washington and donated to the Smithsonian Institution 

 for deposit in the park. At the time of their arrival they were 2 

 and 2^2 years old and were 42 and 45 inches high. They are 

 growing rapidly and are already great favorites with the children, 

 to whom they are known by their Malayan names of " Hitam " 

 (black) and"Kechil" (small). 



The African elephant now on exhibition in the park was brought 

 from the Government Zoological Garden at Giza, Egypt, by head 

 keeper Blackburne in 1913. At the time of her arrival she weighed 

 875 pounds and measured only 4 feet 3 inches in height at the 

 shoulder. In 1923 the same measurement was 7 feet 6 inches. She 

 is known as " Jumbina." She was captured in the region of the 

 Blue Nile and is of the geographical race known as the Abyssinian 

 elephant {Loxodonta africana oxyotis). In " Jumbina's " house 

 will be seen a picture of the famous African elephant " Jumbo," 

 probably the largest elephant ever shown in capitivity, and a rep- 

 resentative of this same Abyssinian race. Near the picture is a 



