NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK HOLLISTEE 309 



humid atmosphere of Washington. The mane of the lion is not 

 fully developed until the animal has reached a very mature age, 

 and the numerous " adult " lions without manes shot by sportsmen 

 prove to be in reality fully grown but immature animals. In the 

 series of over 100 lions preserved in the National Museum the full- 

 sized but maneless males are invariably the younger ones, as shown 

 by the condition of the sutures of the skull and the condition of the 

 teeth. The mane grows much more rapidly in park specimens and 

 appears fully developed at an age when wild lions would still be 

 " maneless." Numerous geographical races of the lion are known, 

 and the range of the animal extends into western India. Within 

 historic times the species was wild in southeastern Europe. 



The tiger, the lion's rival in size, strength, and popular interest, 

 is an inhabitant of Asia, where it ranges through its various forms 

 from southern Siberia to Java and Bali, and westward to Persia. 

 It is absent from the greater part of the highlands of the central 

 parts of the continent but has been killed so far north as Sakhalin 

 Island on the coast and the northern slopes of the Altai in central 

 southern Siberia. It is best known from Korea and Manchuria, 

 the Amoy region of eastern China, Malaya, and India, each region 

 furnishing a special type. The Bengal tiger {Felis tigris) is the 

 best known form in menageries. It has a short coat and is a very 

 inferior animal to the splendid Manchurian tiger of the north (Felis 

 tigris longipilis). The Manchurian tiger is common in parts of 

 Korea where it is usually hunted on the snow in winter. Both the 

 Bengal and Manchurian tigers are represented in the Zoological 

 Park collection of the great cats, and the numerous points of differ- 

 ence between these two forms are readily seen. The most beautiful 

 of all tlie tigers, the Amoy species, has never been shown; although 

 skins regularly reach the market, living specimens are rarely ob- 

 tainable. The same may be said of the very distinct Persian form. 

 The Malay and Sumatra tigers are frequently seen in zoological 

 gardens and specimens of the former lived for many years in the 

 National Zoological Park. 



The leopard (Felis pardus) of Asia and Africa and the jaguar 

 (Felis onca) of America are spotted cats with many superficial 

 points of resemblance. The leopard is a less stocky animal than the 

 jaguar, though he exceeds in size many of the smaller specimens of 

 the American species. Like the lion and the tiger the leopard is 

 divided into several subspecies or geographical races. Both the 

 African and Asiatic forms are kept in the park. The jaguar ranges 

 from Argentina northward to Mexico, and is sometimes killed in 

 the wilder parts of Texas and New Mexico. Unlike the puma, or 

 mountain lion, it is at times very destructive to cattle. The smallest 



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