472 ANNUAL. REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1923 



are on the northeastern side. The mortar is fresh in the walls of 

 the latter, and the marks of human hands can readily be seen. 

 There are one or two places in which a corncob is still found 

 embedded in the adobe, and indentations of corncobs used by the 

 plasterers are still visible. At the base of Bowlder House there 

 are many fallen walls extending down the canyon. Ruin 9 (pi. 2, 

 fig. 1), the ground plan of which is rectangular, stands about 11 

 feet high on the south rim of the canyon. A doorway opens in the 

 middle of its north wall and is so arranged as to make it difficult 

 to enter. The masonry in ruin 9 is rough, and projecting ends of 

 rafters indicate that it was formerly two stories high. A short 

 distance from the foundation is a stone cairn which was once used 

 as a shrine. 



Perhaps the most remarkable ruins in Ruin Canyon are the so- 

 called Twin Towers (pi. 3, fig. 2), which are so closely approxi- 

 mated that from certain points they look like one ruin. They are 

 situated on the south side of the canyon, covering the top of a 

 rock isolated from the rim of the mesa by a deep cleft. The founda- 

 tion of the larger of the twins is oval and in the southwest corner 

 is a doorway ; the smaller tower is horseshoe shaped. The arrange- 

 ment of rooms inside both towers, as shown in the ground plan, is 

 regular, one wall conforming to the outline of the towers. The 

 walled-up caves below the bases of these towers are small and ap- 

 parently used for storage. The Square Tower cluster and a few 

 smaller ruins near it are designated on. the map by the name Ruin 

 Canyon Group. These towers are situated in Utah, not far from the 

 boundary between San Juan County and Montezuma County. There 

 is no water near this cluster. One or two additional towers may 

 be seen by following down the canyon, which eventually discharges 

 its water into the Yellow jacket. 



Most of the walls of the Keeley group of ruins are well preserved. 

 The cluster is situated about a small canyon and is approached 

 on foot from Keeley Camp, where there is a constant spring of good 

 water. Two of the Keeley ruins belong to the tower type and are 

 built on bowlders. 



The largest ruin in this vicinity, called Hackberry Castle, is rec- 

 tangular in form and stands on the edge of the canyon. There are 

 rafters in the wall at a level about 12 feet above the base. A second 

 ruin, a short distance north of Hackberry Castle, also rises from the 

 rim of the canyon. Its walls are well preserved and the outline of the 

 base about square, with corners rounded. There are indications that 

 the entrance to this room was through the floor. 



Two other towers in the bottom of the canyon show some of the 

 finest masonry of this region. Their foundations cover the top of 



