480 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1923 



towers of the Mesa Verde. Within the area in which lie these two 

 Government reservations we find evidences of two distinct modes 

 of life ; a simple one in which there was one clan in one house, and 

 another in which multiple clans inhabited one or more united houses ; 

 the one an earth-lodge people, the other a pueblo people. The 

 pueblo phase of house construction was of local growth; the earth 

 lodge, having a wider distribution, would appear to have been ante- 

 cedent to this local differentiation into multiroom pueblos, and hence 

 is called the prepuebloan, but is supposed to survive in so far as 

 architecture goes among nonpueblo tribes like the Navajos in the 

 pueblo area. 



The Hovenweep National Monument thus gives us an example of 

 typical prehistoric stone buildings situated west of the Mesa Verde 

 having an allied culture, but showing certain variations that are 

 significant. None of the towers shows any signs of having been 

 made or used by the white man. 



