ORIGIN OF AMERICAN INDIAN HRDLICKA 483 



The beard is more or less scanty, on the sides of the face completely 

 absent, and never long. On the body there is usually no visible 

 hair except perhaps a little in the axillae, with more on the pubis, 

 though even there it is frequently sparse. 



3. The Indian is free from special characteristic odor appreciable 

 to the white man. His normal heart-beat is slow. His other physio- 

 logical functions are everywhere much alike. The size of the head 

 and of the brain cavity, though differing considerably in individuals 

 and with the mean stature, averages on the whole slightly less 

 than that of white men and women of similar height. The skull is 

 in general slightly thicker and presents many features of the base, 

 etc., that are of the same class all over the continent. 



4. Indians' eyes, as a rule, are above medium to dark brown in 

 color, with decidedly bluish conjunctiva in younger children, pearly 

 white in older subjects, dirty-yellowish in adults; and the eye slits 

 show a prevailing tendency, more or less noticeable in different 

 tribes, to a slight or moderate upward slant; that is, the external 

 canthi are frequently more or less appreciably higher than the 

 internal. 



5. The nasal bridge is only moderately to fairly well arched; 

 the nose is frequently strongly developed in the males and often 

 convex (" aquiline ") in shape, but is lower, shorter, and more 

 commonly straight or even concave in the females. It is never very 

 high nor so fine or slender as in whites, nor again so flat and thick and 

 broad as in the negro; and its relative proportions in the living as 

 well as in the skull (barring individual and some localized ex- 

 ceptions) are prevalently medium or mesorhinic. The malar regions 

 are, as a rule, rather large or prominent. The suborbital or canine 

 forsae are in general more shallow than in whites. All of which is 

 true throughout the tribes. 



6. The mouth is generally fairly large to large, and the same may 

 be said of the palate. The lips average from medium to somewhat 

 fuller than in whites, are never thin (except after loss of front teeth 

 and after alveolar absorption), and never so thick as in the negro; 

 and the lower facial region shows in general a medium degree of 

 prognathism, standing, like the relative proportions of the nose and 

 many other features, about midway between those in the whites and 

 those characteristic of the negroes, though on the whole rather closer 

 to the white. The chin is well developed, but on the average some- 

 what more voluminous and less prominent than in whites, and is not 

 seldom square. The entire lower jaw is on the average somewhat 

 larger than in whites. The teeth are from medium to above medium 

 size when compared with those of primitive man in general, but per- 

 ceptibly larger when contrasted with those of the cultured white 



