ORIGIN OF AMERICAN INDIAN — HRDLICKA 493 



free of people, they would not turn back, unless to bring their fami- 

 lies and fellows, but would follow the game, spread rapidly and 

 multiply rapidly, and under favoring conditions it would not have 

 taken a great many centuries to people both North America and 

 South America. 



At all events, whatever the exact circumstances of the first peopling 

 of the American Continent may have been, it may be safely assumed 

 that only relatively small parties reached the new land at one time, 

 and that there was no migration in mass, no flow of whole peoples. 

 But such comings were doubtless repeated ; the news of the new land 

 must have reached those left behind and farther, so that the first 

 parties would be followed soon by others, irregularly in all proba- 

 bility, and on the whole very slowly, but interminably. Quite likely 

 there were even various rediscoveries of the New World in different 

 parts of its northwestern limits, and the dribbling over may be 

 assumed to have continued from the time the first Asiatic parties 

 reached the new land to the historic period, when parties of Eskimo 

 were found to trade across St. Lawrence Island and Bering Strait. 



The newcomers, though all belonging to the same main race, were 

 evidently not strictly homogeneous, but represented several distinct 

 subtypes of the yellow-brown people, with differences in culture and 

 language. 



The first of these subtypes to come over was, according to many 

 indications, the dolichocephalic Indian, represented in North Amer- 

 ica to-day by the great Algonquian, Iroquois, Siouan, and Sho- 

 shonean stocks; farther south by the Piman- Aztec Tribes; and in 

 South America by many branches extending over large parts of that 

 continent from Venezuela and the coast of Brazil to Tierra del 

 Fuego. The so-called " Lagoa Santa race " were merely Indians of 

 this type. 



Next came, it seems, what Morton called the " Toltec " type, quite 

 as Indian as the other, but marked by brachycephaly. This type 

 settled along the northwest coast, in the central and eastern mound 

 region, the Antilles, Mexico (including Yucatan), in the Gulf States, 

 over much of Central America, reaching finally the coast of Peru 

 and other parts of northern South America. 



Still later, and when America was already well peopled, there 

 came, according to all indications, the Eskimo and the Athapascan 

 Indians. The former, finding resistance in the south which he could 

 not overcome, remained in and spread over the far-north land, de- 

 veloping various environmental physical modifications that have 

 removed him, on the whole, farther from the Indians than is the case 

 with any other branch of the yellow-brown people. The Athapas- 

 cans, a virile brachycephalic type, on the one side closely allied 



