48 ANNUAL, REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1910. 



comprehensive illustrative report on the same ruins, giving the scientific results 

 of Doctor Fewkes's studies during the progress of the excavation of Cliff Palace, 

 was prepared for publication as Bulletin 51 of the Bureau of American Eth- 

 nology and is now in press, forming a companion publication to his descrip- 

 tion of Spruce-tree House, published earlier in the fiscal year as Bulletin 41. 

 Doctor Fewkes prepared also a report on his preliminary researches in the 

 Navaho National Monument, which is in type and will be published as Bulletin 

 50. During the remainder of the winter and spring, Doctor Fewkes was oc- 

 cupied in the preparation of a monograph on Casa Grande, an extensive ruin in 

 Arizona, excavated and repaired by him during previous years. He gave some 

 time also to the elaboration of an account of antiquities of the Little Colorado 

 Valley, a subject to which he has devoted considerable study. This work was 

 interrupted in May, 1910, when he again departed for the Navaho National 

 Monument for the purpose of continuing the archelogical studies commenced 

 during the previous field season. At the close of the year Doctor Fewkes was 

 still at work in^this region. 



Owing to the large amouut of material in process of publication as a result 

 of his own researches or assigned to him by reason of his special knowledge 

 of the subjects involved, Dr. John R. Swanton, ethnologist, devoted the year 

 entirely to office work. Much of this time was spent in proof reading (1) 

 Bulletin 43, Indian Tribes of the Lower Mississippi Valley and Adjacent Coast 

 of the Gulf of Mexico, the result of personal field investigations and historical 

 study; as well as in proof reading (2) Bulletin 46, a Choctaw Dictionary, by 

 the late Cyrus Byingtou ; and (3) Bulletin 47, on the Biloxi Language, by the 

 late J. Owen Dorsey, arranged and edited by Doctor Swanton, who incor- 

 porated therein the related Ofo material collected by him in 1908 and added a 

 brief historical account of the Ofo tribe. In connection with his researches on 

 the Southern tribes or tribal remnants, Doctor Swanton has revised and rear- 

 ranged the Attacapa, Chitimacha, and Tunica linguistic material collected by 

 tie late Dr. Albert S. Gatschet and has put it almost in final form for the 

 press. With the aid of several texts recorded in 1908, Doctor Swanton has 

 spent some time in studying the Natchez language, preparatory to further in- 

 vestigations among the survivors of this formerly important group, now in 

 Oklahoma. The remainder of his energies has been devoted chiefly to re- 

 searches pertaining to the Creek Confederacy, with the aid of books and docu- 

 ments in the library of the Bureau and in the Library of Congress, in anticipa- 

 tion of field investigation among the Creek tribes to be undertaken, it is 

 expected, later in 1910. 



Mrs. M. C. Stevenson, ethnologist, continued her researches among the 

 Pueblo tribes of the Rio Grande Valley, New Mexico, giving special attention 

 to the Tewa group. As during the previous year her studies were devoted 

 chiefly to the pueblo of San Ildefonso, which offers better facilities for eth- 

 nologic investigation than the other Tewa villages, although her inquiries were 

 extended also to Santa Clara and Nambe. Owing to the extreme conservatism 

 of the Tewa people, Mrs. Stevenson found great difficulty in overcoming their 

 prejudices against the study of the esoteric side of their life, but with patience 

 she succeeded finally in gaining the warm friendship of many of the more in- 

 fluential headmen, and by this means was enabled to pursue a systematic 

 study of the Tewa religion, sociology, and philosophy. Like most Indians, the 

 Tewa are so secretive in everything that pertains to their worship that one 

 not familiar with their religious life is readily misled into believing that the 

 ceremonies held in the public plazas of their villages which, with few excep- 

 tions, are more Mexican than Indian in outward character, constitute the sole 

 rites of these people, whereas it has been found that the Tewa adhere as strictly 



