RECLAMATION OF AEID LANDS NEWELL. 193 



and the temperature ranges from 45° below to 107° above zero. The 

 soil of the bottom lands is a heavy clay, but the bench lands are a 

 rich sandy loam, requiring 2 acre-feet of water per acre per annum. 

 The principal crops grown are wheat, flax, and oats. Alfalfa is 

 profitably grown for winter feed, and sugar beets are likely to become 

 an important crop. Small fruits do well, and dairy farms and mar- 

 ket gardens are needed. 



The building charge on this project has been fixed at $38 per acre 

 of irrigable land, payable in not more than 10 annual installments, 

 each not less than $3.80 per acre. An additional annual charge of 

 70 cents per acre is also required for operation and maintenance, and 

 50 cents per acre-foot of water actually pumped and delivered for 

 irrigation in any one year. 



The Buford-Trenton area embraces about 12,500 acres of bench 

 and bottom lands bordering the north bank of the river for about 

 20 miles east of the Montana-North Dakota State line, and lying 

 along the Great Northern Railroad. Water is now available for 

 4,000 acres. Power for the pumps on this project is developed at 

 the main power station at Williston and is transmitted electrically 

 over a transmission line 28 miles long. 



Oregon, Umatilla project. — This is located 190 miles east of Port- 

 land, Oreg., in Umatilla County, and contains about 25,000 acres of 

 irrigable land bordering upon Columbia River along Umatilla River. 



The engineering works include a storage reservoir having a ca- 

 pacity of 50,000 acre-feet, supplied with flood water by an inlet 

 canal from the Umatilla River (pi. 9, fig. 1). There are 138 miles of 

 distributing canals. The farm unit on public lands is limited to 40 

 acres, and the majority of farms are 10 to 20 acres in area. The total 

 building charge is $60 per acre, and the, annual operation and mainte- 

 nance at present is $1.30 per acre. The land to be irrigated all lies at 

 an average elevation of 470 feet above sea level. Climatic conditions 

 are favorable for the early ripening and marketing of small fruits, 

 for which the soil is especially suited, as well as for the raising of 

 all kinds of deciduous fruits. Alfalfa is profitably grown, but the 

 land is too valuable for pasture crops. Not only is the land fertile 

 in a high degree, and the climate such as will permit of the raising 

 of high-priced crops, but the transportation facilities are of the best. 



The watershed area is 1,610 square miles, the average rainfall on 

 watershed is 20 inches, and the estimated annual run-off 530,000 acre- 

 feet. The average annual rainfall on the irrigable area is 9 inches. 



Oregon-California, Klamath project. — This differs from the other 

 undertakings in that there has already been provided by nature a 

 large storage reservoir, the Upper Klamath Lake in Oregon, situ- 

 ated at an altitude above that of most of the irrigable lands. Water 

 97578°— sm 1910 13 



