456 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1910. 



ant he explored Lake Titicaca and the coast region of Peru and Chile. 

 From this time onward until the close of his life exploration was to 

 engross more and more of his attention, to the final exclusion of the 

 embryological studies that had given color to his earlier years. The 

 last publication in which he records the results of the rearing of ani- 

 mals is his joint paper of 1889 with Prof. Cha ^s O. Whitman, and 

 is upon the development of fishes. After 1889 h*. gave up the raising 

 of larvae in his aquaria at Newport and became an explorer, geologist, 

 and systematic zoologist, although it should be said that the last 

 paper published during his lifetime is a short one upon the temporary 

 existence of a lantern and of teeth in the young EJchinonms. It is, 

 however, based upon the study of museum material and records an 

 observation made by A. M. YVestergren. 



His remarkable energy and executive ability fitted him in an emi- 

 nent degree to be the leader of scientific expeditions. Each exploring 

 trip was planned to a day even to its minute details, every course 

 charted, distances measured, and every station decided upon before he 

 left his desk in the Harvard Museum, so that all of its achievements 

 were actually prearranged. At times it was of vital import to his 

 expeditions to have supplies of coal brought to some distant island in 

 the Tropics, but invariably when he arrived his colliers would have 

 preceded him. and all went forward with clockwork regularity. In 

 fact, before stalling he read all that was to be found upon the regions 

 he designed to visit, so that he was enabled to begin the writings of 

 his results the moment the voyage was over. It is due chiefly to his 

 forethought that in more than 100,000 miles of wandering over tropi- 

 cal seas he never met with a serious accident; and this is the more 

 remarkable when one considers that in order to land upon the coral 

 reefs he was forced to cruise in the hottest season, when the brooding 

 calms were liable at any moment to break into a hurricane. Day after 

 day I saw him remain upon the bridge of the steamer sketching sali- 

 ent features of many a lonely coast that he of all naturalists was the 

 first to see. The rolling of the vessel caused him acute distress, yet, 

 though seasick, he worked on undaunted, for the keynote of his char- 

 acter was pertinacity. 



As we have said, his first expedition was to South America to 

 explore Lake Titicaca and to visit the copper mines of Peru and 

 Chile. He published a hydrographic chart of the lake, sounded its 

 depths, determined its temperature, collected its animals and plants 

 and relics of the ancient Peruvians, who once lived upon its islands. 

 Among other results he found at Tilibiche, Peru, a reef of fossil corals 

 elevated 2,900 to :i,000 feet above the sea and "20 miles inland from the 

 ocean, thus showing that the recent elevation of some parts of the 

 western coast of South America has been even greater than had been 

 observed by Darwin. 



