52 Bibliographical Notices. 



some of the gneissic rocks associated with granite. The true rela- 

 tionship of granite, trap-rocks, and lava is another important point 

 prominently brought forward. The "form of ground," or modifi- 

 cation of the surface, has also had much attention from the author, 

 who has just recently produced a masterly essay on the origin of the 

 great valley-systems of the South of Ireland, which he considers to 

 have been mainly produced by atmospheric agencies. 



A large portion of the book is devoted to palseontological subjects 

 (pp. 373-710) ; and the treatment of this branch of the science, 

 which is not one of the author's " specialties," and is itself far from 

 perfection, allows of critical animadversion to a greater extent than 

 any of the other chapters. Of the very numerous errors in the 

 orthography, especially of the technical terms, the author has cor- 

 rected many ; we do not propose to point out any of the others, 

 excepting " Emmonds," a mis-spelling for Emmons, at pp. 438, 457, 

 &c, and especially "Guep," disguising the good Viennese geologist 

 Suess (p. 555). Mr. Jukes is usually careful to mention his autho- 

 rities and sources of information, and the discoverers of facts and 

 originators of good theories ; we regret, however, to see the omission, 

 no doubt inadvertent, of Hislop's name in connexion with the coal- 

 bearing beds of Central India (p. 533), and of Harkness when the 

 Permian age of the Ichnites of Corncockle Muir are referred to 

 (p. 546). The chapter on the Triassic or New Red Sandstone 

 Period will require careful revision in a new edition of the Manual ; 

 for the reptilian Placodus is enumerated among the Fishes (page 

 548), and the Microlestes of Stuttgart is kept in the Keuper, though 

 stated in the same page (541) to have been found in an osseous 

 breccia equivalent (as is well known) to the infra-liassic Bone-bed 

 of England, which is duly assigned to the Rheetic Series at page 

 555. Not only the Microlestes, but the other osseous remains 

 from these bone-beds, English and German, are reckoned as truly 

 Triassic ; and at pages 555 and 560, the mistaken position of 

 Microlestes is repeated, and said to be in the Keuper. Dr. Plie- 

 ninger found his specimens in the bone-bed above the Keuper ; 

 and Mr. C. Moore found his in a cleft of the Mountain-lime- 

 stone filled with drifted material derived from the limestone, the 

 Rhsetic bone-bed, and the Oolite. 



Palaeontology (to say nothing of palseobotany) now finds work for 

 very many separate naturalists, taking up their attention, more or 

 less fully, by this or that class of animal, recent and fossil ; and it is 

 impossible for one man to construct a correct Palseontological Manual : 

 the latest English Manual of Palaeontology proves our statement. 

 Let Mr. Jukes, therefore, in his next edition of his Manual, get the 

 combined assistance of his many palseontological friends to critically 

 examine his lists of fossils ; otherwise he may almost despair of ever 

 effecting more than a patchwork of chronological geology. 



In the other parts of the Manual there are still a few things to be 

 noticed. At p. 174, flint and chert are said to be derived "probably 

 from animals ;" certainly it should be animals and plants, if not 

 plants alone. At pp. 166 and 175, certain limestones are said to be 



