164 _ Atlantic Steam Navigation. 
ted States and Great Britain; but by taking the extreme point of 
the United States, for the purpose of showing the advantages of — 
steam navigation over sailing ships, it follows that all intermediate 
ports from New Orleans to-Quebec, present at least equal rele 
advantages. 
The following i founded a as far as practicable upon 
acknowledged data, will lead to a general result substantially cor- 
rect, at all events. sufficiently so to show the relative working 
power of steam and sailing ships. 
A steam ship of 2500 tons, as mentioned above, ducting her 
engine and coal rooms, .will leave her register tonnage 1600, and 
supposing her capacity for stowing to equal that of a sailing ship, 
she will carry 2400 tons of measurement goods. 
A bale of New Orleans compressed cotton averages 20 cubic 
feet measurement, and 400 pounds weight; consequently, the 
ship would take two. bales to a ton, equal to 4800 bales, for her 
entire cargo. If we assume one penny per pound freight, with 
- five per cent. primage, it would be thirty five shillings.a bale, or 
£8400 gross freight. Allowing the ship 73 days out and home, 
she would complete five voyages per annum, and bring home 
24,000 bales of cotton, making a homeward freight of £42,000. 
If we suppose the ship to make only one quarter. of a freight out, 
and I see no reason why she should not make a whole freight, 
that would give £2100 out, equal to £10,500 per annum, gross- 
ing, out and home, £52,500. - 
_ Let us examine, upon the same data, the working power of a 
sailing ship of 400 tons register, and see how many it will re- 
quire to perform the same labor, and earn the same freight. 
- She will carry 600 tons of measurement goods, or 1200 bales 
of cotton, allowing her the same capacity for stowing as the 
steamer, and allowing her to complete two and a half voyages a 
year, which is as much as she can do, she will then bring home 
3000 bales of cotton. It would therefore require eight ships, of 
400 tons each, to carry the same quantity of cotton in twelve 
months as one steam ship, and to make the same freight out and 
home of £52,500. The relative power being the same, it makes 
no difference in the result, whether the ships carry more or less. 
Seeing the work that one steam ship will perform, and having 
ascertained the number of sailing ships of equal tonnage capacity 
combined, required to perform the same, the only remaining ma- 
terial point now to consider, is = relative expense of navigation. 
