Natural History of Volcanos and Earthquakes. 57 
Springs can be supposed to exist in the whole of this district, and — 
the inhabitants of such mountains could only supply their want 
of water by wells (Senkbrunnen.) We will now suppose, that 
at two points of this district, voleanic masses are thrown up, and 
that, in consequence, a partial elevation of the strata takes place, 
as is shown in the diagram, fig. 1. In this case, the hydrographic 
relations undergo considerable alterations. The consequence 
will be not only a movement of the water on the impervious 
Stratum, in the direction of its inclination, but meteoric water 
will also penetrate at A between the older strata, where, during 
their undisturbed horizontal position, not a drop of water could 
penetrate, and this water will continue to flow in the direction of 
the inclination of the elevated strata.* At B, where these strata 
Fig. 1. 
are also elevated, but to a lower level, springs will commence ris- 
Ing ; and as many of such springs may be supposed to exist In a 
district, as there are alternations of impervious and pervious strata 
in these mountains. The most copious springs, however, will be 
fonnd between the mass that has been broken through, and the 
oldest formation of the stratified mountain, because here, in con- 
Sequence of the contraction of the former mass during its cooling, 
4 cleft has been formed, which receives the meteoric water flow- 
ing down on that side of the elevated mountain C, which lies 
ext to the raised strata. The meteoric water which flows down 
through the newest fissured stratum, will now as little give ori- 
810 to rising springs as during its earlier horizontal position. If, 
now, after the period of this elevation, a stratum of a new forma- 
"on should cecur, covering the extremities of the older raised 
a Se Sa ea a ee tied ine ae ee peel ee een oR noe 
* The same holds good with regard to the springs of fresh water. Thus on the 
: isch Alp springs are always found there where cones of basalt or basal- 
Uc tufa have been elevated on the jura-formation, Plieninger in Poggendorfi’s 
Annal. t. x1, p 493 
Vol. *xivit, No. l.—July, 1839, bis. 8 
