rere 
Natural History of Volcanos and Earthquakes. 269 
attempted to rise in its vicinity, and which made its appearance 
on the 13th or 15th June, 1811; it began to disappear in Octo- 
ber, and towards the end of February, 1812, steam was only oc- 
casionally seen to rise out of the sea at the spot where the island 
was formerly seen.* Secondly, The rising of a new island near 
Vnalaschka, in May, 1796, which not only remained, but, up to 
1806, had increased in circumference, as well as the peak in 
height. It required six hours to row round it, and rather more 
than five hours to ascend in a direct line from the shore to the 
summit of the peak.t The creation of both these islands was 
preceded by violent earthquakes, and columns of smoke, which 
ascended from the sea, whilst stones were thrown to a great dis- 
lanee. Of Sabrina this surprising circumstance is related—that 
the stones, on leaving the sea, were black, but suddenly became 
ted hot when they emerged from the columns of smoke. ‘Tillard 
found on this island the skeleton of a shark so calcined, that the 
bones fell to powder on lifting it up. Of the other island it is 
only said, that during the night fire rose, which was sometimes 
80 bright, that all objects were distinctly visible in Unalaschka, 
at a distance of twenty leagues. Smoke continued to rise for four 
Cars, 
Phenomena of this kind have taken place still more recently 
‘mong the Molucea Isles, as we are informed by Prof. Rein- 
Wardt.t Near the active volcano of Gonung Api, in the group 
& the Banda Islands, a considerable mass of black rock rose up 
na bay, out of the sea, without any noise. When Reinwardt 
Visited this extraordinary spot in 1821, he found it still very hot, 
and the newly raised mass sent forth boiling hot vapors. A pre- 
Csely similar occurrence took place on the coast of Ternate. On 
Lancerote also, on the 31st August, 1824, after several days of 
Molent earthquakes, accompanied with a subterranean thunder 
? © noise, a new volcano burst forth with a terrific crash, emit- 
lng streams of fire, so that the whole island was illuminated, and 
dee = 
* See also V. Humboldt’s Reise, t. i, p. 254, and t. iii, p. 6. It is worthy of re- 
Mark, that the small island of 1720 has reached exactly the same height as Sabrina 
attained in 18] 
an 1000 feet high. Unfortunately, the depth of 
But it certainly offers an example of one of the 
atest elevations of the present day. 
= ii i ieni ardentium insule Jave, &c. disputatio geologica. 
Auctore van der Boon Mesch. Lugduni Batav. 1826 
