SL V- OUTLINES OF BOTANY. 
after flowering, leaving only a small ‘pdb waar _— the Stock or 
Caudex, close to or within the earth; _— S, paid ose or suffrutes- 
cent plants, in which the flowering branches, ale in inh iderabe portion 
of the plant, die down after flowering, “ee Sg a ‘more 0 ess prominent 
perennial and woody base; Shrubs ir valves or oy prweged plant in which 
the perennial woody part fo forms the r par plan t branches 
near the base, and does not ae 9 pens a man’s pare ers Trees 
(arboreous or arborescent plants) when the height is greater and forms a 
woody trunk, scarcely branching from the base: Bushe es are low, much 
anche shrubs. 
e terms sonnet on es Caulocarpic are but little used, but t 
other . distin ctions enumerate ove are wivonl oar saree) a ‘althou me 
more useful to the yeaa eat to the bot Ww — not always assign 
to them any as character. Mono oceein: co hin eauire more 
n a Z 
them. Tr se perennial = rbs will often commence flowering the first 
‘es and have then all the appearance of annuals. Many tall shrubs and 
trees lose annually their flowering branches like undershrubs. And the 
partis botanical species m ay be an annual or a perennial, an herbaceous 
perennial or an unde ecare an ee or a shrub, a shrub or tree, 
according to ciate eatment, ety. 
14. Plants are usally terrestrial, that is, growing on earth; or aqe seert 
i. €. growing in water; but es they may be found attached by thei 
roots to other plants, i in hick ts ca pa pest are oh ae A when simply hares 
it 
th oots penetrate into and derive more or is nutriment from the 
i ached. 
5 “i simplest a of the perfect plant, san annual, consists pi 
(1) The Root, or des cending axis, which grows do wnwards from the 
stem divides and spreads in the earth or * stag and absorbs food i 
the plant through the extremities of its branches 
(2) The Stem, or ascending axis, whic grows upwards from the root, 
— Jaen oe rs first one or more leaves in succession, then one or more 
finally one 0 Blege fruits. It contains ae tissues or other 
yed 
in the form of sie (192) to ae leaves or other points of = surface of 
ence e future he baie and 
complete they Set Doogie ees a patil e ath consisting of one or 
more lind tae each containing the germ of one or more seeds; 2nd, of one 
or more stamens outside the pistil, whose action is necessary to fertilize 
tis 9 pe or enable it to ripen its seed; 3rd, of a scirioadh or floral envelo. 
ype, 
which usually encloses the stamens and pistil when young, and expands 
and exposes them to view when fully formed. This co mplete perianth is 
double; the outer one, called Calyz, is usually more tes and leaf-like; 
