AVE OUTLINES OF BOTANY. 
name of rhizome. The rhizome may always be distinguished from the true 
root by the presence or production of one or more buds, or leaves, or 
scales. 
. The Stock. 
22. The Stock of an herbaceous aapee in be most complete state, 
harden, a small portion of the sum of the vious year’s roots, as 
well as of the base of the previous sa 8 stems ‘Buch stocks wril increase 
yearly, th form dense tufts. They will often preserve 
through the winter a few leaves, amongst which are pl the buds which 
grow out into stems the following year, whilst the ater ari ca ae ee 
emits new roots from or amongst the remains of the o hes 
perennial stocks only differ from the permanent bas ae an rar Vitor 
in the shortness of the paphinval part of the stems aaa in their texture, 
usually es woody. 
me perennials however, the stock consists merely of a branch 
which eens autumn from the base of the stem les mipgaly aa 
r underground, aad produces one or more buds. anch, or a 
cation of it, alone survives the winter. In the following be its pide 
produce the new stem and roots, whilst the rest of the plant, even the 
branch on which these baad were form med, has died away. These annual 
whl called sometimes hybernacula, deg or stolons, keep up the com- 
unication between the annual 8 sib root of one yea : Bae those of 
hus 
e term rhizom rae or stock is entirely root-like, it is popu- 
larly called the crown of the 
25. The term tuber is seated to a short, thick, more or — succulent 
rootstock or rhizome, as well as to a root of ‘that shape (20), although some 
tanists propose to restrict its meaning to the one or to other, An 
Orchis tuber, called by some a knob, is an annual tuberous rootstock with 
ene bud at the e top. A potato is an annual tuberous rootstock with several 
uds. 
26. A bulb is a stock of a shape approaching to globular, usually os 
conical above and pte ened underneath, in which the bud or buds 
early so, 
8 beco tr 
Bulbs are said to be scaly when their scales are thick and loosely 
imbricated , pales: when the scales 98 — broader, and closely 
were shoes und rg “op other in concentric 
uberous rootstock, aay annual, shaped like a bulb, 
hat in ahick ‘te bud or buds are not covered by scales, or of which the 
scales are very thin and membranous. 
§ 4. The Stem. 
28. Stems ar 
_ erect, ae — ascend perpendicularly from the root or stock; 
a Titebs eee when at the same time they are slender, stiff, and 
