OUTLINES OF BOTANY. XXXVII 
decumbent or ascending, when they — recat or nearly so, 
at the = and then turn upwards and become erect. 
pro wide mt, when they spread along t sie ve ound the whole or the 
greater poetien of rea length; diffuse, when at the same time very much 
and rather loosely bra 
prostrate, when ina me still closer to the ground. 
reeping, when they emit roots at their nodes. This term is also fre- 
e 0. 
tufted or caespitose, when very short, close, and many together from 
:o eer stock. 
Weak climbing stems are said to twine, when they support them- 
witese by winding spirally round any object; such stems - aa called 
uble. When they simply climb without twi ning, they support them 
areea by their leaves, or by special clasping organs called tendrils ( (169), 
or eee like the Ivy, by small root-like excrescences. 
30. Suckers are young plants formed at the end of c¢ i Seta ek 
Shae PoORRDEKS. Scions, runners, and stolons or as are 
ung plants cw che d at the end or at the nodes (31) of want or 
ree creeping wholly or partially aboveground, or sometimes to the 
creeping stocks themselves. 
31. A node is a point of the stem or vod hare at which one or more 
leaves, branches, or fae bode (16) are gi off. An internode is the por 
tion of the stem ia yatta 2 bia ine js 
ranches or lea 
opposite, when “a phen from the same node on opposite sides of 
the stem. 
prndeos or verticillate (in a whorl or verticil), when several proceed 
from the s node, arranged Rae prnie/ around the stem; geminate, ternate, 
na agen - fascinate when two, three, or more proce eed from the same 
side of the stem. A tuft of fasciculate aves} is usually 
in tet ma gir Taek leafy branch, so short that the leaves appear to proceed 
all from the same poi 
abana te, when only one ee from each node, tet ve one side 
and the nex xt. above or below on the opposite side e the 
—— Ww oe opposite, but each pair placed a eke “anes to the 
next pair above or below it; distichous, when ici arly arranged one 
above zante in ll oppos osite rows, one on each side of the Steen: tristi- 
chous, when in three rows, etc. (92). 
scattered, when Fasayiaage arranged round the stem; frequently, how- 
ever, botanists apply the term alternate to all branches or leaves that are 
neither 0 oh: game nor whorled. 
und , n all start from or are turned to one side of the 
are dichotomous, when several times forked, ity pay 
or i 
. oto hen there are 
three nearly equal bra nehes at eacl pohbapii — of two; but when the 
middle branch is evidently the principal one, the stem is usually said to 
have two opposite Beach, a cam ‘divided i in gibi san aor age 7 
into several nearly equ es pro: ing from the same point 
me sigh bette 7 entral stone is laeer than the two or pe ig Ha ones, 
meee to have eo or whorled branches, a 
ul etimes given to the stem z Grasses, 
i some other Monocciiotca oa plants. 
