XXXVI OUTLINES OF BOTANY. 
§ 5. The Leaves. 
ane The Doers se) - ee Leaf consists of a flat blade or lamina, 
ually gre r less horizontal, meeonatag to the stem by 
stalk called. . "footstalk 0 or panies e. When the form or dimensions of a leaf 
are spoken of, it is generally the blade that is esr without the petiole 
or stalk. 
36. The end by which a leaf, a part of the flower, a seed, or any other 
sa is ated to the stem or other organ, is called its base, the op- 
end is its apex or summit, excepting sometimes in the case of 
anthercels (1 Spe 
Qu 
sessile, <a the blade rests on the stem without the intervention of 
a petiole. 
amplex “cre or stem-clasping, when the sessile base of the blade clasps 
the stem horizontally. 
folate, ahs the base of the blade not only clasps the stem, but 
closes round it on the opposite side, so that the stem appears to pierce 
eget the bla a. 
decurrent, when the edges of the leaf are continued down the stem 
so as Ay tors raised lines or narrow appendages, ian wings. 
sheat pig when the base of the blade, or of the more or less expanded 
38. Leaves and flowers are called radical, when inserted on a rhizom 
or stock, or so close to the base of the stem a as fine appear to prdcsed rier 
the root, rhizome, or stock; cauline, when i i 
R 
adical leaves are voabdlize when they are spr ay in a circle on the ground, 
39. are 
7 sea entire, when the aga Prpieccar of a single piece, with the 
margi ere ‘indente d, simple used in Bia hig oe: to compound, 
O 
n 
lar and po 
regular and blunt or rounded (compared to the bob niet ae of : tow ier 
serrulate, and crenulate, when the serratures or _crenatures are mall ; 
J irregular eared to 
bays of the coast); wavy or undulate, when the edges are not flat, but 
ar th 
bent up and down (co e waves 
lobed or cleft, when more deeply indented or ele but so that the 
incisions do not reach r petiole. The portions hag divided 
take the name of lobes. When the lobes are narrow and vy. ry irregular, 
be laciniate. The spaces between oe testh or lobes 
divided. ae dissected, when the incisions reach the midrib or cag 
but the parts so di vided off, called segments, do not se 
ve leaves oe said to 
ed si 
‘ parate from t 
petiole, even bse the leaf ‘falls, without tearing. 
€ cw iki eae midrib or petiole, and the s$ sO 
divided off, called ee ay 
, at least at the fall of i leaf, from 
the petiole, as the whole’ leaf does from the ut tearing. 
