OUTLINES OF BOTANY. LV 
epigynous (i. e. upon the ovary), when the disk bearing the petals is 
combined both with the base of the calyx-tube and the base outside of 
the ova to) ] 
for the style, or leaving more or less of the top of the ovary free, but 
alw ering to it above the level of the insertion of the lowest ovule 
Mm fag a very few cases where the ovules are absolutely suspended 
from the top of the eg fe epiay’ nous flowers the ovary is described 
as aheront or inferior calyx as adherent or superior, the petals as 
inserted on or above the ovary. In aes age however, most epigynous 
flowers included in the perigynous ones, and a very different meaning 
is given to the term i le (144), an — Gisée are. a few cases where no 
positive distinetion! can be drawn between the epigynous and —— 
flowers, or ess ctie een the Sttlevioks and hypogynous flow 
141. ther o petals, it is the insertion of the nahin that 
Boe weed “he Geiirende’ between the hypogynous, perigynous, and epigy- 
s flow 
“Ma. When aa are both petals and stamens, 
ypo us flowers, the ser and stamens are usually free from 
each apr h but got etimes they are combined at the base. In that case, 
if the petals are distinct from eset other, and the stamens are monadelphous 
Ld ore are often said to be inserted on or combined bhi the staminal 
if gst age is ‘g priser: nd = grec atts from each 
n pe ney nous flo owers, the ote amens are “usally Bessie Senbtiaioly 
within the petals, or alternating with them on the edge of the disk, but 
occasionally much lower down within the disk, or even on the unenlarged 
sehr = a Pred sents 
s flowers, when the petals are distinct, the stamens a 
sunaite tect aby as in perigynous flowers; when the corolla i is Poca 
the stamens are either free, or combined at the pre with (inserted in) 
the tube of the corolla. 
143. When the receptacle is distinctly elongated below the ovary, it is 
often called a gynobasis, g ipsam or stalk of the ovary. If the = ae 
os takes place below the or below the petals, these s 
r petals are then sa aid to be rte ae on the stalk of the ovar Yy, ae 
sidacdondaly: but ores da described as epi igynous. zp Ba bay spore 
(i. e. when the filam are combined w oe ovary) are very rare, 
unless the rest of ee i er is epigynou 
144. An epig ynous: disk is a name given > abe to the thickened summit 
of the ovary in epigynous flowers, or very rani to a real disk or enlarge- 
men 
ct 
beac) 
o> 
® 
ie 
& 
Se 
gS 0 
<4 
2 
fe>) 
2m 
fo} 
z 
=] 
ag 
° 
~ 
lat 
4 
145. In the relative position of any two or a posi of the flower, 
coherent, W ited 
rated with little ie no lacer, and one of the two coherent parts 
u m t or | 
meaning, but 
has been found more convenient to restrict cohesion to the union of parts 
of the same whorl, and nahaoion to the union of parts of different whorls. 
