LVIII OUTLINES OF BOTANY. 
Siliqua and Silicule of Cruciferae, the Legume of Leguminosae, the Pom 
of Pyrus and its allies, the Pepo ‘of Cucurbitaceae, the Cone of Conifer a 
the Grain or Caryopsis of Gramineae, etc 
§ 14. The Seed. 
61. The Seed is enclosed in the pericarp in the great majority of 
flowering plants, called therefore Angiosperms or angiospermous plants, 
In Coniferae and a very few allied genera, called Gymnosperms or gym 
| i i any real pericarp. 
truly gymnospermous plants must not be confounded with Labiatae, 
Boragineae, ete., which have also bee oy ies called gymnospermous, their 
small nuts having the appearance of seeds (158). 
162. The seed when ripe contains an embre ryo or young plant, either 
filling or nearly filling the cavity, but not attached to the outer skin or 
the seed, or more or ‘less i immersed in a mealy, oily, fleshy, or horn-like 
substance, called the en, or perisperm. The presence or absence 
this albumen ese is ne ein secowane between albuminous and exalbuminous 
seeds, is of ¢ mpo The embryo or album ‘an often 
only be Gand or distinguished Shes the seed is quite ripe, or sometimes 
only when it begins to germ 
163. The shell hat the ea consists usually of two separable coats. 
The outer coat, called the testa, is usually the pri mee task th ne, and in most 
nly d to in ad ‘be 
or 
rarely mredsaonie It is sometimes expanded into mgs, or bears a tuft 
of hair, cotton, or wool, called a coma. The inner sae is s called the tegmen, 
rop 
appendage, proceeding from the testa, ty the side of or near the funicle. 
165. The hilum ed Sra sear left the lw it separates from 
e funicle. The opyle is a faatk indicating prea position of the 
foramen of the ovules “33, 
166. The Embryo (162) tipo of the Radicle or base of the future 
root, oe or two Cotyledons or future seal ce and the Plumule, or 
fi ud within the base of the cotyledons. In some seeds, e er ally 
where there is albumen, these ‘nt abe very cons 
n seve 
others ‘they are very difficult to distinguish until the seed besing to 
gerinin: : 
= = merges upon the distinction between the embryo with on 
0 co seep that are foun ie the two great classes of phaenogamous 
pbc ocotyledons and Dicotyledons 
167. Although the embryo lies “oo  (onatached) Ruhr the seed, it is 
generally in some oe position with respect to the seed or to the 
whole it. This position Hp tenet d by Mathie me bag arig of the 
radicle next to or more or wit remote from the hilu r it is said to 
d 
bed a fg a sche the summit of the fruit, ioiwias if pointing 
