428 MONOCOTYLEDONOUS OR ENDOGENOUS PLANTS. 
3-nerved, the lateral nerves faint and short. Spikes very numerous, 
crowded in terminal whorls on the stem and every branch, and axillary, 
slender, 1—2‘ long including a pubescent . of 1/4—'/s their 
ill 
agaaiie for the great number of short 
Molokai! pali of Pelekunu. — Terrestrial 
ikes. 
Crass Il. MONOCOTYLEDONOUS OR 
ENDOGENOUS PLANTS. 
Stem not divisible into pith, wood and bark, but, when perennial, 
consisting of bundles of vascular fibres reales imbedded in cellular 
tissue, with a firmly adherent rind outside. Embryo with 1 undivi 
cotyledon, the young stem being developed from a sheath-like cavity 
on one side. 
Besides being distinguished by the above characters Monocotyledons may be generally 
known by the simple, entire, alternate or radical leaves with simple parallel veins, the 
m the ba x d th 
base usually encircling or sheathi he stem or se of the next leaf; the parts 
of t ower @ requently in threes, the and corolla, when present, being 
enerally similar in appear: j D: perianth of six several fi ' 
how , th th is wholly wanting, or the parts are reduc mber whe 
ar, the Najadaceae in twos or fours. he are exceptionally 
i e are : 
pinnately or netted-veined, in Scitaminaceae, in most Aroidaceae, in Dioscoridaceae and 
in Smilax. The stem is woody in the Palms, Pandanaceae, some Liliaceae, and Bamboos. 
* Ovary inferior; perianth of 6 segments in 2 series. 
+ Flowers irregular. 
LXXX. Orcurpacear. Anthers 1 or rarely 2, sessile on a column bearing the stigm 
XI. SCITAMINACEAE. Stamens —— hig but 1—5 barren and changed into 
staminodes or petals; leaf- -veins usually pinna 
++ Flowers regular 
LXXXII. InmpacearE. Perianth corolla- like; _siamens 3; ovary 3-celled, with sev eral 
ovules in each cell. 
XXII. Taccacear. Perianth subherbaceous; stamens 6, included, the anthers 
hooded; ovary 1-celled, with parietal placentas and many ovules. 
LXXXIV. DroSCOREACEAE, Flowers aia perianth small; anthers 6 or 3; ovary 
3-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell. Twine 
** Ovary superior, syncarpous, 3 slope perianth of 6 segments in 2 series. 
Perianth, or at least its inner series, corolla-like. 
‘Lonel LILIACEAE. Perianth regular, hii corolla-like; cells of ovary 9- to many- 
o te. 
LXXXVI. Commenrnacear. Perianth rather Lab ue its outer series calyx-like; stamens 
6, or by abortion less; cells of ovary 1-ovula 
++ Perianth smail, ope tante stiff or eae 
LXXXVIL FLAaGELLARIAcEAR. Fruit , d-eelled, wi waba in each cell; leaves 
longitudinally plaited, sheathing; stem i seid 
