~ Dagh. In France, also, trachytic eruptions occurred during the de- 
¥.% 
» 
* 
chain. Upon the sands 
208. : M iscellanies. 
~ Central France streams of igneous — may be traced from the 
most ancient volcanic masses of Mont Dore, but in Asia Minor none 
have been detected which could have flowed from Ak Dagh, or Morad 
position of the lacustrine limestone; but in the Katakekaumene, they 
appear to have preceded that of the white limestone, or are associated 
wath only its lowest beds. 
‘In conclusion, the paper gives a general summary of the geologi- 
_ eal phenomena of the country south of the Demirji range. 
“The relative antiquity of the vast lake or sea in which the strata 
‘were deposited, cannot be determined, as the micaceous sandstone 
‘forming the Jowest series of beds is apparently destitute of organic 
remains, and Mr. Hamilton, therefore, does not attempt to compare 
that deposit with any European formation. The sandstone, he con- 
ceives, was accumulated upon an irregular surface of schistose rocks 
and crystalline limestone, and before the elevation of the Demirji 
lone were deposited in the north of the district 
the beds of peperite, derived probably from subaqueous volcanos; 
and upon the peperite and the micaceous sandstone, the white lime- 
stone, which is the highest sedimentary rock. The drainage of the 
lake, he is opinion, took place during the earliest volcanic eruptions: 
of the Katakekaumene. 
“Three well-defined. periods of igneous operations. may be traced. 
The first is marked by the masses of basalt which cap some of the 
plateaux of white limestone, and were ejected previously to the coun- 
try assuming its present configuration, and to the formation of the 
valleys. Mr. Hamilton considers that the basalt flowed under waters 
and probably but a short time before the drainage of the lake. 
‘*«'The second period is characterized by the currents of basalt and 
lava from the ancient system of volcanos in the Katakekaumene> 
and was. subsequent to the formation of the present valleys, as many 
of the lava streams may be traced into them. The coulées which 
flowed towards the Hermus from the crater or Karadevit near Koola, 
present an inclined plane, the surface of which is not more than 150 oF 
200 feet above the present bed of the river; but they must, at one Pe 
riod, have been under water, as the lava is covered with a sedime nt 
which filled its crevices and smooths its asperities. : 
“The third period would be to the more modern system of. cones 
the lava of which is as rugged and barren as the recent coulées of Etna 
Ls 
and Vesuvius. Of the date of these eruptions, Mr. Hamilton offers 20 _ 
opinion, merely remarking that the craters are mentioned by Strabo, a 
_ nd that there is no tradition et their activity.” -—Lon. and Ed. P. 
ag. . 
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Fs 
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