342 Morton’s Crania Americana. 
visions ; subsequently, however, he reduced it to five ; while 
Blumenbach, adopting the arrangement of Buffon, has changed 
the names of some of the divisions, and designated, with greater 
accuracy, their geographical distribution. Cuvier admitted three 
races only, the Caucasian, Mongolian and Ethiopian; while 
Malté Brun enumerates sixteen. A French professor, Broce, in 
his Essai sur les Races Humaines, published in 1836, has at- 
tempted to establish several sub-genera. "The cause of these 
wide diversities of opinion obviously lies in the imperfect know- 
ledge yet possessed of the subject. 
Dr. Morton adopts the arrangement of Blumenbach i in so far as 
regards the great divisions, substituting, however, the word race 
for the term “ variety” of the German author, and changing the 
order in which Blumenbach considers some of them. He con- 
siders the human species as consisting of twenty-two families, 
which he arranges under the heads of the Caucasian, Manarunt 
Malay, American, and Ethiopian races. 
I. “The Cavcastan Race is characterized by a naturally fair skin, 
susceptible of every tint; hair fine, long and curling, and of various col- 
ors. The skull is large and oval, and its anterior portion full and eleva- 
ted. The face is small in proportion to the head, of an oval form, with 
well eS features. The nasal bones are arched, the chin full, 
e teeth vertical. The race is distinguished for the facility with 
shies it attains the highest intellectual endowments.” 
The subdivisions of this race are into—Ist. The Caucasian ; 
2d. The Germanic ; 3d. The Celtic ; 4th. The Arabian ; 5th. 
The Lybian ; 6th. The oe (Egyptian ;) and 7th. The In- 
dostanic families. 
IL. ‘‘ The Moncottan Race. This is characterized by a sallow or 
olive colored skin, which appears to be drawn tight over the bones of the _ 
face ; long, black, straight hair, and thin beard. The nose is broad and 
shart? the ‘eyes are small, itct: and obliquely placed, and the eye- -brows 
arched and linear ; the lips are turned, the cheek bones broad and flat, 
and the zygomatic arches salient. The skull is oblong-oval, somewhat 
flattened at the sides, with a low forehead. In their intellectual charac- 
ter the Mongolians are ingenious, imitative, and highly susceptible of cul- 
tivation. F 
The subordinate divisions are into—S8th. The Mongol- Tartar ; 
9h. The Turkish ; 10th. The Chinese ; 11th. The Indo-Chi- 
nese ; and 12th. The Polar families. © 
